SCIENTIFIC PAPERS ANIMAL SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGIES
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.785rem; margin: 1.43rem 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">AIM AND SCOPE The aim of Scientific Papers Animal Science and Biotechnologies (Lucrari Stiintifice Zootehnie si Biotehnologii) journal is to share knowledge of scientific advancements in the field of animal science and biotechnologies, promoting the interdisciplinary and innovative studies. <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.785rem; margin: 1.43rem 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">RESEARCH FIELDS <ul style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> ANIMAL FEEDING AND NUTRITION ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AQUACULTURE BIOCHEMISTRY BIOTECHNOLOGIES ECOLOGY ETOLOGY AND ANIMAL WELFARE FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY GENETICS AND ANIMAL IMPROVING GRASSLAND AND FOODER CROPS MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING PROCESSING OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.785rem; margin: 1.43rem 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;"> <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.785rem; margin: 1.43rem 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">The articles of this journal are indexed in: <p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.785rem; margin: 1.43rem 0px 0px; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: 'Noto Sans', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen-Sans, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Directory of Open Access Journals, EBSCO, CAB Abstracts, CABI Full Text, Index Copernicus, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Google Scholar, CiteFactor
The Role of Laboratory Animals in Scientific Research
Animals are used in behavioural and biological research in special and significant ways. Many medical advancements that improve human life are based on laboratory animal research studies. Scientists carefully and thoughtfully select and justify the specific animal models used in their research, adhering to current legal requirements, the principles of the 3 R´s (reduction, reuse, and refinement), and ensuring that animals are used only when no other research solution is feasible or available. The laboratory animals most often used in biomedical research so far have been rodents (mice, rats, and guinea pigs), but in the current development of research, researchers have turned their attention to alternatives such as zebra fish and the Xenopus (clawed frog), although anatomically and physiologically different from humans, following the sequencing of their genomes, it was demonstrated that the main genes involved in certain pathologies in humans are similar to those in these animal models.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Biomedical Products and the Importance of Research in Biotechnology
Biomedical products, such as orthopaedic prostheses/implants, represent one of the most innovative outcomes of biotechnology research, combining engineering, material science, and biological knowledge to improve patients’ quality of life. This paper aims to highlight the importance of research in the development of biomedical devices, with a particular emphasis on orthopaedic implants. Advances in biomaterials, surface functionalization, and tissue integration underscore the crucial role of biotechnology in developing safe, durable, and biocompatible products. The discussion also focuses on how ongoing research is vital for addressing challenges such as infection resistance, mechanical durability, and patient-specific customization, highlighting examples from Stryker – a global leader in medical device manufacturing.
Insecticidal Activity and Antimycotic Effect of Pinus silvestris Essential Oil against Yeasts of the Genus Candida
Research increasingly targets new bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical, food, and pest-management uses. Phenolics form a major class, and common pine (Pinus sylvestris) is a versatile source valued beyond timber, with components beneficial to human health. We examined the potential of P. sylvestris essential oil (EO) to inhibit Candida yeasts and to control the storage pest Megabruchidius dorsalis. Yeast growth inhibition was measured in vitro by disc diffusion against Candida albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis, and in situ using apple and carrot models. Pest control was evaluated across EO concentrations. The highest concentration produced the strongest mortality in M. dorsalis. The most pronounced in vitro growth suppression was observed for C. albicans. In situ, the apple model again showed the greatest inhibition of C. albicans, whereas the carrot model showed the strongest effect on C. tropicalis. Overall, P. sylvestris EO provided meaningful repellency and suppression of Candida yeasts across test systems. These findings support its use as a natural option for controlling Candida spp. and as a botanical deterrent for M. dorsalis. Further work should address dose–response, mechanism, and safety to enable practical application in food protection and integrated pest management. Field validation under realistic conditions.
Thuja occidentalis Essential Oil: in vitro and in situ Antibacterial Potential against Phytopathogenic Bacteria and Insecticidal Activity
Thuja occidentalis essential oil (TOEO) was evaluated for antibacterial activity against phytopathogenic bacteria in vitro (disc diffusion) and in situ (fruit/vegetable models), and for insecticidal activity against Megabruchidius dorsalis. Tested bacteria were Xanthomonas arboricola, Pectobacterium carotovorum, Pseudomonas syringae and Agrobacterium radiobacter. In vitro, the largest inhibition zone was observed for X. arboricola (11.67 mm), while the smallest was for A. radiobacter (7.67 mm). In situ, the strongest effect occurred at 62.5 μg/mL on strawberry against carotovorum (78.96% inhibition) and on beetroot against A. radiobacter (79.56% inhibition). Insecticidal tests showed increasing mortality of M. dorsalis with rising TOEO concentration, reaching 100% at 100%. Within the tested ranges and models, TOEO exhibited measurable antibacterial and insecticidal effects. Findings are limited to the employed matrices, concentrations and incubation conditions, and do not imply broader applicability without additional sensory/toxicity and shelf-life testing.
Antibacterial Activity of Picea mariana Essential Oil against Selected Animal Pathogens and Insecticidal Activity against Megabruchidius dorsalis
Black spruce has been used healing balms, due to the powerful antimicrobial and antiviral properties of the oil. These benefits have made black spruce an extremely popular ingredient for detergents, meaning that using the essential oil in your own personal cleaning routine can be an effective way to eliminate microorganisms. The objective of our work was to evaluate the antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of Picea mariana essential oil. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and the Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus by the disc diffusion method. In addition, antimicrobial activity was determined under in situ conditions on pear and potato models. Insecticidal activity was determined against Megabruchidius dorsalis using different concentrations of the P. mariana essential oil. The best antimicrobial activity of P. mariana essential oil was found against Escherichia coli under in vitro and in situ conditions. Insecticidal activity was detected at the highest concentrations of 50 and 100 %. The results of our experimental work indicated that P. mariana essential oil has good antimicrobial and insecticidal properties and is a suitable agent against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against insect M. dorsalis.
Sweet Science: How Biotechnology is Shaping the Future of Edible 3D Printing
Biotechnology plays an important role in developing sugars and sugar substitutes used in 3D printing edible decorations. Traditional sugar, derived from cane or beet, is being increasingly supplemented with biotechnologically engineered alternatives that offer improved functionality, sustainability, and customization for 3D food printing. Through microbial fermentation, biotechnology enables the production of sugar substitutes like erythritol, xylitol, and isomalt, which are ideal for printing due to their unique properties such as lower melting points, enhanced stability, and resistance to crystallization. Enzymatic modifications further refine sugars' texture, viscosity, and crystallization behaviour, optimizing them for precise printing and creating smoother, more intricate edible designs. Additionally, biotechnology facilitates the development of biodegradable and eco-friendly sugar-based materials, addressing concerns about food waste and environmental sustainability. Fortified sugars and biopolymers are also engineered and transformed to incorporate health benefits, such as added fibre, vitamins, and probiotics, opening new possibilities for functional, personalized food prints. Overall, biotechnology is not only improving the quality and versatility of sugar in 3D food printing, but also enabling the creation of more sustainable, customized, and health-conscious edible decorations that push the boundaries of culinary artistry.
Spherification Techniques in Biotechnology: Innovative Applications and Benefits
Spherification, a culinary technique from molecular gastronomy, is finding innovative applications in biotechnology. Originally used to create semi-solid spheres with liquid interiors for gourmet dishes, spherification involves sodium alginate and calcium ions to form a gel-like membrane around a liquid center. This technique has promising uses in drug delivery, where encapsulating medications within gel spheres allows for controlled release and targeted treatment. For tissue engineering, spherification can encapsulate cells, providing protection and controlled integration into tissues, useful in pharmaceutical and medical domains. Additionally, biocatalysis benefits from encapsulating enzymes or microorganisms, enhancing their activity and stability for industrial processes. In food biotechnology, spherification improves the stability and bioavailability of nutrients, creating functional foods with health benefits. Despite challenges in stability and scalability, spherification offers precise control and versatility, making it a valuable tool in modern biotechnology.
Cutting-Edge Biomaterials in Dentistry: A Biotechnological Perspective
Biotechnology has significantly advanced the field of dentistry, offering innovative biomaterials that enhance dental treatments and improve patient outcomes. One notable advancement is the use of hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass, which mimic the natural mineral components of teeth and bones, promoting better integration with the body's tissues. These materials are commonly used in bone grafts, dental implants, and coatings for implants, providing a foundation for successful dental restorations. Tissue engineering has also made significant strides with the development of collagen-based and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. These scaffolds support the growth and regeneration of dental tissues, facilitating the repair of periodontal structures and aiding in dental pulp regeneration. Stem cell therapy, leveraging dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), further enhances regenerative dentistry by enabling the growth of new dental tissues, potentially leading to whole-tooth regeneration in the future. Biotechnologically derived growth factors and biologics, such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), are being incorporated into dental treatments to accelerate healing and promote bone growth. Additionally, antimicrobial peptides and proteins, like lysozyme and lactoferrin, are integrated into dental materials to reduce infection risks and improve the longevity of dental restorations. Furthermore, biodegradable and smart materials, including chitosan and responsive polymers, are being developed for controlled drug delivery and enhanced wound healing in dental applications. Genetically engineered proteins, such as recombinant human collagen and amelogenin, also make headway in tissue regeneration and enamel repair. Overall, biotechnology is revolutionizing dentistry, providing more effective, biocompatible, and patient-specific treatment options that significantly enhance the quality of dental care.
Identification of DNA Fingerprint Pattern Variability of Known Retrotrasposons in Plantago lanceolata L.
Plantago lanceolata L. belongs to important medical plants and is numerously represented in the plant communities of meadows, fields, pastures and permanent grasslands. Here, analysis of the presence of selected transponable elements sequences in the genome of Plantago lanceolata, L were performed. Retrotransposon are an inevitable part of plant genomes are one of the DNA markers that possess good amplification profiles useful for variability analysis. Known sequences of retrotransposons Tst-1, Cassandra, BARE-1, FaRe-1 and HACRE1 were used for a total of 10 specific primer designation and IRAP analysis as well as selected iPBS markers. The presence of the known retrotransposon sequences were confirmed by PCR analysis with different polymorphic potential. A total of 22 different iPBS markers were used from which 15 were confirmed to amplify polymorphic fingerprint patterns. Comparing obtained fingerprint profiles, iPBS markers resulted in more abundant profiles with higher potential to detect intraspecific differences for Plantago lanceolata L.
Potential Applicability of Whey Protein Supplementation to Mulberry Leaves in Silkworm B. mori Feeding
Mulberry leaves serve as the primary feed source for the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), an insect of significant economic importance to the sericulture industry, particularly concerning global silk production. The nutritional quality of mulberry leaves is critical, as it directly influences both the quality and quantity of silk yield. Research has focused on evaluating various alternative nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids, and vitamins, to enhance the nutritional profile of mulberry leaves and subsequently improve the productivity response of silkworms. This review aims to provide an overview of the nutritional value and bioactive substances of whey as high-value-added protein sources. Whey, a primary by-product of cheese production, emerges as a rich natural reservoir of proteins such as β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin, immunoglobulins, and lactoferrin, as well as bioactive peptides boosting valuable nutritional and functional properties. Furthermore, whey encompasses additional essential nutrients, including lactose, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The review also discusses the potential applicability of whey protein as a mulberry leaves supplement on silkworm production traits and health.
The Inclusion of Sunflower and Flax Seeds in the Diet of Mangaliţa Breed
The purpose of this study was to examine how sunflower and flax seeds in the diet of fattening Mangaliţa pigs affect the fatty acid content in their meat. Twenty Mangaliţa pigs were split into two groups: one group received a diet with 10% sunflower seeds (group S) and the other had a diet with 10% flax seeds (group F). The pigs were given feed and water freely. The fattening period lasted from when the pigs weighed 40 kg to when they reached 100 kg. The diet with added flax seeds significantly raised the levels of oleic acid, vaccenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid – DHA, compared to the diet with sunflower seeds. On the other hand, the total amount of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the meat increased with the sunflower seeds diet, while the total amount of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased compared to the flax seeds diet. It can be concluded that there are no significant differences in the overall levels of fatty acids in the meat between the diets with sunflower of flax seeds, except for the differences in oleic acid, vaccenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
Alternative Protein Sources Used in Broiler Chicken Diets in Nigeria and Romania: a Review
Alternative protein ingredients of plant and animal origin used today in broiler chicken feed, can only be done partially to partly substitute soya bean meal in order to sustain production. Protein alternatives from various studies conducted in Romania and Nigeria have indicated that SBM and fish meal (FM) are the main conventional protein ingredients used. In Romania, in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2017/893, the use of processed animal proteins (PAP), including fish meal, is permitted in poultry and pig feed, provided that safety standards are met. Faced with many challenges, their utilization has gradually declined due high cost and competition as food for humans. More attention is tilted to use of non-conventional plant and animal alternative ingredients like roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed cake (RSC), baobab seed cake (BSC) and palm kernel seed cake commonly used in Nigeria, while peas, sunflower cake (SFC) and are commonly used in Romania. Others include insect and worm meals (grasshopper, black soldier ant and maggot meal) and corn gluten. Dietary inclusion levels from 0.1-20% in some cases of their incorporation into broiler chicken diets was reported to have a significant impact on weight gain, live weight, carcass, meat quality and health status of birds. In conclusion, Romania has numerous legume grain alternatives compared to Nigeria where most alternatives are grain/seed and their by-products, industrial and farm waste. Therefore, farmers can partly substitute SBM with alternative feed ingredients in both countries to reduce production cost and increase profit.
Preliminary Assessment of Replacing Fishmeal and Fish Oil with Black Soldier Fly Larval Meal and Oil on Growth Performance and Economic Profitability of Juvenile Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio Culture
This study assessed the growth performance and economic profitability of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultured on Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens larval-based diets. The experiment was conducted in a recirculating system. Four isonitrogenous (350 g kg-1 crude protein) and isolipidic (80 g kg-1 crude fat) diets were formulated in which fishmeal (400 g kg-1) and fish oil (30 g kg-1) were simultaneously replaced with a defatted BSF larval meal and BSF larval oil at 0, 25, 50, and 75%. Fish (initial body weight of 96.30±8.35g) were hand-fed at 3% body weight for 7 weeks. The result indicated a significant linear increase (p < 0.05) in mean final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (SGR) with higher dietary levels of BSF larval meal and oil. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased linearly with increasing inclusion levels of BSF larval meal and oil. The economic analysis showed a linear decline in profitability with higher dietary levels of BSF larval meal and oil. The findings suggest that BSF larval meal and oil could potentially replace up to 75% of dietary fishmeal and fish oil (300 g kg-1 and 25 g kg-1, respectively) without adversely impacting growth performance and nutrient utilization of juvenile common carp.
Infrared Thermographic Assessment of Cold Stress and Growth Performance in Romanian Spotted and Romanian Brown Calves
Infrared thermography (IRT) represents a non-invasive method for detecting temperature variations on the surface of an animal’s body. By capturing infrared radiation emitted by the animal and converting it into thermal images, IRT enables the early identification of health and physiological disturbances. The aim of the study was to test the ability of Romanian Spotted (RS) and Romanian Brown (RB) calves to adapt to cold thermal stress. In this respect, 20 calves (10 RS and 10 RB) were included, having recorded the dynamic of the body temperature at the nose (BTN) and eye (BTE) and average daily gain (ADG) according to environmental temperature (ET) and calves’ breed. Data were collected between January and March 2025, being expressed as average and standard deviation. Thermal images were collected twice daily, during the morning and afternoon, from a distance of 0.5 to 2 meters, using a FlirOne mobile infrared camera. Comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA, with the categorical factor being the calves’ breed. Decisions about the acceptance or rejection of statistical hypotheses were made at the 0.05 level of significance. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed for BTN (23.24±3.14 °C vs. 24.3±2.86 °C for RS and RB) or BTE (33.4±2.44 °C vs. 33.9±2.97 °C for RS and RB). The ET proved to be an influential factor for both BTN and BTE. No significant difference was recorded for ADG according to the calves’ breed (0.818 vs. 0.784 kg/day for RS and RB, p>0.05). ET significantly influenced ADG in both breeds, with a value of ADG of 8.84% from January to February compared to February to March (35.15%, p≤0.001). In conclusion, both breeds included in the study possess comparable abilities to adapt to their environment.
Effects of Plant Extracts Obtained via Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction on Preventing Neonatal Diarrhoea in Calves
In cattle farming, neonatal diarrhoea in calves is a major challenge that frequently leads to significant morbidity and financial losses. Ultrasound-assisted extraction-derived plant extracts have become increasingly well-liked in recent years as a safe and efficient way to extract bioactive ingredients and their use in preventing diarrhoea in calves. This approach improves the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and gut-protective activities. Studies have investigated the effectiveness of herbal extracts such as chamomile, mint, and oak bark, in reducing the incidence of diarrhoea in calves.
A Review about Behavioural Indicators of Stress in Broilers: Insights from Digital Monitoring Technologies
Early detection and management of stress are very important to ensure welfare in broiler production systems and significantly influences poultry’s health, behaviour, and productivity. Main stress-related behaviours, such as social interaction, excessive pecking, increased aggression, and reduced locomotion, are best analysed using smart video surveillance systems and machine learning algorithms capable of real-time data processing and pattern recognition. Also, the integration of wearable sensors (e.g., temperature and heart rate monitors) represents a complementary tool to enhance the precision and reliability of behavioural data. This review offers a comprehensive study of current digital solutions aimed to enhance animal welfare through automated, continuous, and non-invasive stress monitoring in broiler flocks. It discusses the use of video cameras equipped with computer vision and behavioural pattern recognition algorithms, presenting real-time applications for identifying signs of social isolation, aggression, and abnormal movement patterns. Additionally, the review emphasizes the role of machine learning algorithms in training neural networks to analyse large datasets generated from video recordings and behavioural reports. Finally, the review examines the wearable sensors tools like temperature and heart rate monitors, emphasizing how they enhance visual observations by providing valuable information about internal physiological states. Each of these technologies is evaluated in terms of accuracy, feasibility, and implementation challenges in commercial poultry systems. The integration of such tools can significantly enhance our ability to monitor broiler welfare dynamically, paving the way for predictive management strategies and improved animal care.
Causes and Effect of Endocervical Inflammation on Calving to Conception in Holstein Friesian Cows
The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes and the effect of endocervical inflammation on calving to conception interval in subsequent lactation of Holstein Friesian cows. A total of 162 cows (58; 35.8% primiparous and 104; 64.2% multiparous) were sampled at 29-35 days postpartum (mean 32.5 ± 0.14 days) for diagnosis of endocervical inflammation using and adapted cytobrush technique. A total of 162 slides were obtained and were evaluated for the presence of neutrophil cells. A threshold of ≥ 5% neutrophils was used to select cows as positive for endocervical inflammation. The main events recorded at calving and in early part of postpartum period were assisted calvings, retained foetal membranes (RFM) within 12 hours post calving and puerperal metritis within 18 days postpartum (pp). The overall incidence of endocervical inflammation was 11.1% (n 18/162) and was higher in cows with puerperal metritis (29.41%) and in cows with RFMs (28.12%). The probability (odds) of developing a endocervical inflammation at 29-35 days in milk (DIM) was higher in cows with puerperal metritis (odds ratio 6.25, 95% CI 2.23-17.46; p value 0.0002) and in cows with RFMs (odds ratio; 95% CI 1.88-14.67, p value 0.0007). Endocervical inflammation with more or equal to 5% neutrophils at 29-35 days pp was associated with decreased hazard of pregnancy within 140 DIM (hazard ratio 0.38 95% CI 0.29-0.53). The mean days from calving to conception for all artificial insemination until 140 DIM was 106.6 ± 20.9 days in cows without endocervical inflammation and 122 ± 17.9 days in cows with endocervical inflammation. Days open was increased with 15.4 days (SE 5.1, 95% CI 5.15-25.57, p value 0.0034). The findings of this study indicate which causal factors of endocervical inflammation should be monitored in pp dairy cows to limit the effects on consecutive reproductive performance.
Valorisation of Products and By-Products Resulting from Sericulture and Moriculture
In addition to natural silk, sericulture activity also generates numerous by-products with high economic value, used in a wide range of fields: medicine, biotechnology, cosmetics, and agriculture. Their efficient management contributes to optimizing production and increasing the sustainability of the silk industry. Silk proteins, fibroin and sericin, have a significant impact in the medical and cosmetic fields, offering innovative solutions for tissue regeneration, skin care and the development of advanced biomaterials. The intelligent use of sericulture waste transformed into organic fertilizers contributes to improving soil fertility and supporting organic agriculture. Silkworm chrysalis is a high-quality protein source due to its high content of protein and essential amino acids. It can be used both in animal feed, including poultry, pigs and fish, and in the human food industry, with the potential to become a sustainable alternative to conventional proteins. Mulberry leaves (Morus spp.) are the main food source for silkworms, having great importance not only in sericulture, but also in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Mulberries are also appreciated for their nutritional value and beneficial health properties, being used in the food industry to obtain juices, jams and other derived products. Sericulture is not just an activity based on silk production, but offers multiple resources with varied applications, which can add economic value and support the development of related industries.
The Perspective of Using Essential Oils in Swine: review
In animal husbandry, the improper and excessive use of antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to their action. Over the past decades, the search for alternative strategies to antibiotics has received increasing attention. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils have made them viable alternatives in livestock production. Numerous researchers have investigated these natural compounds as potential substitutes for conventional antibiotics or as preventive measures against diseases in farm animals, including swine. However, in this species, research outcomes regarding the use of essential oils in both in vitro and in vivo (on-farm) conditions have been inconsistent. This variability is primarily due to differences in oil composition, purity, dosage, growth phases, and husbandry conditions. Some authors suggest that essential oils such as oregano, thyme, clove, or mint can improve the overall health status of pigs through their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. Other studies have highlighted their beneficial effects on gut microbiota balance, notably by inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and promoting beneficial microbial populations. Positive impacts on zootechnical performance have also been reported, including improved feed conversion efficiency and average daily gain. Additionally, certain studies point to a significant role in reducing oxidative stress and enhancing immune responses. The volatile and lipophilic nature of essential oils presents a challenge in ensuring their effective delivery to the pig intestine; however, this issue may be partially addressed through microencapsulation and nanotechnology. This review aims to assess how essential oils are currently used in swine feeding strategies and/or treatment protocols, focusing on their mechanisms of action as demonstrated by existing research.
Automatic Modelling Using Hec-Ras for Steady Flow Analysis
River Bârzava and its tributaries drain an area of approximately 1202 km2 and springs from the Semenic Mountains, located at 1190 m altitude. In this study had used Hec-RAS software, which effectively simulates changes in hydraulic behavior. After importing the TIF file and creating the digital model, the geometry of the watercourse was created. Representative cross-sections for hydraulic analysis were also defined. To perform the hydrodynamic analysis of the watercourse studied, it is necessary to define the type of flow regime used in the calculation. Thus, for the chosen scenario, the steady flow regime was chosen. The results, including velocity and cross-sectional maps, provide precise information on critical parameters, allowing the identification of areas with high occurrence velocity. The study area is a sector of the River Barzava between the localities of Ghertenis and Sosdea. The results of this work can be a possible alternative for flood risk strategies and an appropriate tool for flood risk management and early warning systems.
The Evolution of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) in Romania and Neighbouring Countries
Peste des petits ruminants is a very serious viral disease that affects several species of small ruminants, both domestic and wild, highly contagious and with a very severe course, ending in death in 70-80%. The disease also causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector. On 19.07.2024, the first outbreak of peste des petits ruminants in Romania was confirmed. In August 2024, 56 outbreaks of peste des petits ruminants were confirmed in Romania in Tulcea, Constanța and Timiș counties. A total of 236,082 sheep and goats were killed, as a result of the measures instituted by the authorities. The first cases of the disease appeared on 11.07.2024, followed by deaths in the following days. Peste des petits ruminants also appeared in Greece, in goats and sheep kept in the municipal unit of Kalambaka, municipality of Meteora, in the regional unit of Trikala, region of Thessaly, which was confirmed on 11 July 2024. In 2018, among the countries closer to Romania, the disease was reported in Turkey, Georgia and, more recently, in Bulgaria. PPR is a highly contagious, transboundary disease associated with significant economic losses. Because they did not think about peste des petits ruminants, given that this virus had nowhere to appear, veterinarians suspected the development of some bacterial lung diseases exacerbated by the extremely high temperatures of this period. Only after 8 days, the virus was confirmed at the farm in Tulcea and, subsequently, at several farms in the county, after which it appeared, a few days later, absolutely mysteriously, in the farms in Constanța. Tens of thousands of animals were killed, and extensive areas were quarantined. In January 2025, the first outbreak of peste des petits ruminants was confirmed in Hungary, in the Laboratory of the National Office for Food Chain Safety (Nébih) in Zal County, being the first cases of sheep plague in this country, and the sanitary-veterinary authorities went on alert. Measures were also taken in Slovenia.
Application of Artificial Intelligence and Predictive Analysis in Plant Physiology Teaching and Research
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and predictive analysis are transforming plant physiology education and research. These technologies allow for the efficient analysis of large datasets, improving our understanding of complex plant processes and their responses to environmental factors. In education, AI-driven tools create personalized learning experiences, helping students grasp challenging concepts in plant physiology through interactive and adaptive learning environments. Predictive models provide researchers with insights into plant behavior under various conditions, enabling better crop management and sustainability practices. This research explores the integration of AI and predictive analysis in plant physiology, focusing on their impact on both teaching and research. Key findings suggest that these technologies not only improve academic outcomes but also foster interdisciplinary collaboration. However, challenges such as data quality, ethical concerns, and the complexity of biological systems must be addressed. Future prospects for AI in plant physiology include enhanced experiment design, data management, and the development of more comprehensive educational frameworks. By leveraging AI and predictive analytics, the field of plant physiology can embrace new methods of exploration, pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery and education.
Study on the Evolution of Tourist Accommodation Facilities in Cluj County
The authors of this article present the evolution of tourist accommodation structures in Cluj county. Thanks to its tourist attractions, the studied area has become, in recent years, a destination visited more and more often by tourists from all over the world. The aim of this article is to highlight the evolution of the tourist accommodation structures in the studied area taking into account the tourism potential of Cluj county. In 2023, almost 700,000 tourists visited Cluj county, an increase of 8.6% compared to the previous year. The number of foreign tourists increased by 30% compared to 2022. According to the data presented by the Cluj County Directorate of Statistics at Cluj County level, in 2023, 688,183 tourists were accommodated, an increase of 8.6% compared to 2022, of which 132,434 are foreign tourists, representing 19.2% of all tourists. It can also be seen that the number of tourist accommodation facilities has increased compared to previous years, reaching 596 in 2023 compared to 222 in 2010. Information obtained from local authorities and other bibliographic sources, as well as data provided by the National Institute of Statistics contributed to this article. Centralisation, analysis and data processing are some of the methods used to prepare this scientific approach.
Biochemical Characterization of Bovine Platelet-Rich Plasma: a Review
Platelet rich-plasma (PRP) is a valuable biological fraction obtained from animal blood, with significant potential in veterinary medicine due to its complex composition, rich in proteins, growth factors, immunoglobulins and bioactive molecules. This review analyzes the chemical composition of PRP and modern characterization methods and techniques such as spectrophotometry, electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Emerging therapeutic applications of PRP are also presented, especially in the context of bovine gynecological health, where it is used for the treatment of metritis, endometritis and stimulation of postpartum uterine regeneration. Through its immunomodulatory and healing actions, PRP offers a promising alternative to classical therapies, contributing to reducing the use of antibiotics and improving fertility in dairy farms.
Evaluation of Herbicide–Adjuvant Combinations for the Control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Sunflower (EXPRESS Hybrid)
Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is an invasive species of agronomic and public health concern, known for its aggressive competition with cultivated crops and high allergenic potential. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and mode of action of several herbicide–adjuvant combinations in controlling this weed, under the pedoclimatic conditions of Hodoș, Timiș County, Romania, in a tribenuron-methyl-tolerant sunflower hybrid. The following treatment variants were tested: V1 - halauxifen-methyl + tribenuron-methyl (50 g/ha) + Vivolt (0.1% V/V); V2 - halauxifen-methyl + tribenuron-methyl (50 g/ha) + Actirob B (0.5 L/ha); V3 - halauxifen-methyl + tribenuron-methyl (50 g/ha) + Codacide (1 L/ha); V4 - halauxifen-methyl + tribenuron-methyl (50 g/ha), without adjuvant; V5 - halauxifen-methyl (1 L/ha), single registered dose; and V6 - halauxifen-methyl (1 L/ha) + tribenuron-methyl (45 g/ha) + Vivolt (0.1% V/V). These were compared based on their efficacy in controlling Ambrosia artemisiifolia, expressed as a percentage. The results revealed significant differences among the tested variants. V5 demonstrated the highest efficacy (95%), followed by V6. Variants containing Codacide or Vivolt in lower doses of active substances, achieved efficiencies between 80–85%; variants without adjuvant (70–75%) or with less effective adjuvants (Actirob B – 75%) provided reduced control of the target weed. The study underline the importance of using high-quality adjuvants and optimal dosing in increasing the efficacy of herbicide treatments.
Marketing Research on the Apiarian Products Market in Romania
Apiculture, as a branch of agriculture, has at its basis the bees’ instinct of storing feed reserves beyond their consumption needs, such reserves being used by the beekeeper. The economic importance of apiculture is determined by the value obtained from the utilization of beekeeping products harvested by humans from bees: honey, propolis, pollen granules, royal jelly, venom, bee brood, beebread and wax, as well as by the value of products obtained from cultivated and wild plants through pollination. Additionally, apiculture is the only branch of agriculture that gathers the necessary raw materials from all forms of property without creating financial obligations. This paper presents the evolution of the main indicators regarding the number of bee colonies, honey production and honey consumption.
Hydroponics - A Solution for Sustainable Urban Agriculture: A Comparative Study on Plant Growth and Resource Consumption
Urban agriculture faces increasing pressure to become more sustainable due to limited space, declining soil fertility, and high water consumption in traditional farming. Hydroponic systems present a promising alternative by enabling efficient plant growth without soil, using minimal water and space. This study investigates the comparative growth performance of basil (Ocimum basilicum) cultivated in a hydroponic system versus a conventional soil-based environment. The experiment was conducted over a six-week period under controlled conditions using a small plastic greenhouse to maintain consistent light, temperature, and humidity. Key variables monitored included plant height, leaf number, and total water consumption. The results showed that the hydroponically grown basil exhibited faster growth, required significantly less water, and demonstrated healthier leaf structures with fewer visible defects. These findings support the potential of hydroponic agriculture as a viable and sustainable solution for urban food production, offering environmental advantages such as reduced water usage, no need for arable land, and the absence of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. This research highlights the practicality of hydroponics for urban settings and educational environments, encouraging further exploration into its scalability and integration into modern agricultural practices.
Bigger is Better? A Review on the Relationship Between Body Size and Crop Pest Predator Efficiency
Body size represents a key morphological trait that indicates how biotic communities respond to environmental changes and shape ecosystems processes. In agriculture, many carnivorous arthropods, such as arachnids and beetles, represent valued crop pest predators that are used as a sustainable alternative to pesticide use. The scope of this review is to highlight how the body size of arthropod pest predators is influenced by various agricultural practices and, conversely, how it influences the predation efficiency of these organisms and their overall capacity to provide the ecological service they are valued for. We synthesize existing knowledge on the topic and discuss the ways through which body size shapes the resistance, behaviours and hunting efficiency of pest predators. We emphasis the advantages that larger body size offers, such as, increased prey consumption, feeding range and fecundity, while also accounting for potential disadvantages such as reductions of desiccation resistance, predator evasion capacity and the increased risk of toxic compound bioaccumulation. To conclude, we highlight knowledge gaps and propose future research directions which may serve to further enhance and popularize the use of natural pest predators as one of the means towards efficient ecosystem management and sustainable agriculture.
General Aspects Regarding the Evolution of the Main Macroeconomic Indicators in Romania
The authors of the paper focused on the analysis of the evolution of macroeconomic indicators and emphasized the dynamics of GDP, the contribution of the main components of GDP to economic growth, the inflation rate and the level of the labor market (average number of employees, unemployment rate, average net wage). Gross domestic product, being the representative indicator of results, is analyzed in accordance with resources and uses. In the quantitative analysis, the period 2014-2023 was taken into account. The Romanian economy has been marked by transformations in the last 30 years. GDP followed an increasing trend, reaching 357 billion euros in 2024. As a result of structural changes in the economy, foreign investments and accession to the European Union, the Romanian economy is marked by accelerated economic growth.
Agriculture plays a central role in the development and prosperity of human society. It is essential nowadays, as a result of supporting the global economy, but also by ensuring food security. Although agriculture contributes modestly to the world's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), it nevertheless represents an essential pillar of many national economies, especially in developing countries. Global agriculture is being significantly affected by climate change, and the Covid-19 pandemic has created additional financial problems for farmers. To cope with this climate change and combat its effects, it is necessary to increase productivity in agriculture and promote jobs in this sector. The paper analyses the structure of the total area, by use, the production of the main agricultural products and the number of animals in the period 2013-2022. By capitalizing on its natural advantages and agricultural tradition, Romania can contribute to strengthening food security at the regional and European levels and can have a prominent role in the global economy.
Strategies for Developing Ecological Tourism in Mehedinți County
Practicing responsible tourism in Mehedinti County is very important because it allows for the protection of the environment but also for the valorisation of the natural and cultural resources of this area. In this region, numerous ecotourism activities can be carried out, including visiting some of the objectives that we encounter, namely the Iron Gates National Park, the Danube Boilers, the Lilac Forest at Ponoarele, etc. Our study shows that Mehedinti County stands out for a multitude of strengths, namely: natural diversity, the beauty of the landscapes, the preservation of traditions, local gastronomy, etc., but there are also weaknesses that need to be improved, such as the difficult access to certain areas, the lack of human resources specialized in ecotourism.
Evaluation of Water Quality in the Danube River at km 181 Area Chiscani Based on the Water Quality Index (WQI)
The Danube River is one of the most significant freshwater resources in Europe, serving a vital role in sustaining natural ecosystems, as well as supporting economic and social activities. In this study, the overall water quality was assessed on the basis of physico-chemical parameters of the Danube in the area of Chiscani locality at 181 km of the river. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated and according to the obtained values the water quality category of the river section investigated. The seasonal average values, year 2024, spring, summer, autumn and winter of the essential physico-chemical parameters were analyzed: pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), organic matter, and concentrations of nitrogen compounds such as nitrites (NO₂⁻) and nitrates (NO₃⁻). The findings indicate a moderate water quality status, with nitrite and nitrate concentrations remaining within permissible limits-suggesting that the influence of agricultural and urban activities is relatively contained. However, the dissolved oxygen levels are at the lower threshold of ecological standards, reflecting a fragile equilibrium within the aquatic environment. The analysis of the overall water quality of the Danube River in the Chiscani area (km 181) highlights the importance of maintaining a consistent monitoring program, as well as the need to implement, when necessary, proactive measures aimed at protecting aquatic biodiversity and ensuring long-term water quality.
Climate Change and the Emerging Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination: A Food Safety Perspective
Climate change is a major factor influencing agricultural production and global food security, causing significant changes in the ecology of toxigenic fungi and the profile of food contaminants. Rising average temperatures, humidity fluctuations, and the increased frequency of extreme weather events contribute to intensified abiotic stress on crops and promote conditions favorable to fungal mycotoxin biosynthesis, particularly in corn and wheat. Recent studies highlight a geographical expansion of the risk of mycotoxin contamination in regions previously considered safe, such as Southern and Eastern Europe. Aflatoxins produced by Aspergillus flavus are increasingly reported in areas affected by prolonged drought and high temperatures, whereas Fusarium spp. thrive in humid regions, producing toxins such as deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. These changes threaten not only crop quality but also public health, with potential implications for the incidence of chronic diseases linked to prolonged exposure to food contaminants. To enhance agricultural resilience and ensure consumer protection, it is essential to implement integrated strategies, including applied climate monitoring, the use of resistant crop varieties, improved harvesting and storage practices, and stricter regulations regarding mycotoxin control. This paper aims to analyze the interaction between climate variability and mycotoxin occurrence, with a focus on the implications for food safety and the identification of future research directions in the context of climate change.
Prevention of Mycotoxin Contamination Risk in the Feed Chain Through GHP and HACCP
Mycotoxin contamination remains one of the most persistent and relevant safety challenges within the feed chain, with significant implications for animal health, the quality of animal-derived products, and, indirectly, public health. Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, which can contaminate plant raw materials and compound feeds at various stages of the production process, particularly during the post-harvest phase. This paper analyses strategies for preventing mycotoxin contamination in the feed chain, focusing on the application of Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) and the HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) system. Good practice guidelines provide an operational framework for hygiene, handling, storage, and transport, contributing to limiting the factors favoring the development of toxigenic fungi. In parallel, the HACCP system introduces a structured and preventive approach based on hazard identification and monitoring of critical control points (CCPs), tailored to the specific context of each facility or operation. The paper also explores the synergy between the two approaches - GHP and HACCP - and their efficiency in managing the risks associated with mycotoxin contamination, especially in the current context marked by climate change and strict food safety standards. Through an integrated approach, safe feed, animal health, and the confidence of the final consumer can be ensured.
Evaluation of Technological Compliance, Sensory Attributes, and Vegetable Protein Additives in Pork Pate Products on the Romanian Agri-Food Market
Pâté-style canned products are obtained by finely processing and mixing pork, fat, liver, and various spices. This study aims to evaluate the technological compliance of three types of pâtés with current regulations regarding lipid, water, protein content, pH, salt, nitrates, and protein additives. We analysed three pork pâté producers from Romania, identified by codes A, B, and C. Each product batch underwent both sensory evaluations and physicochemical analyses. The evaluation revealed that, among the three types of pâtés, product C was favoured by consumers, appreciated for several superior qualities, highlighted by its distinctive colour, resembling well-cooked liver, intense aroma, and homogeneous consistency. Following the physicochemical analysis, it was found that samples from batches A and C fell within the maximum allowable limits, while samples from batch B recorded a protein content of 8.1%, below the minimum threshold of 9%.
Poultry Meat: Nutritional, Sensory and Commercial Analysis from Production to Consumption
The nutritional, sensory, and commercial value of poultry meat has positioned it as a key component in the modern food system. This study investigates the interconnected dimensions that contribute to the overall quality and relevance of poultry meat, providing a comprehensive overview of its benefits and challenges within the current agri-food context. Nutritionally, poultry meat is a high-quality source of protein with excellent digestibility and bioavailability. It contains essential amino acids, a favorable lipid profile low in saturated fats and rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as important micronutrients such as selenium, iron, and B-complex vitamins. These characteristics make it a valuable option for promoting balanced diets and preventing nutrition-related disorders. From a sensory perspective, consumer perception is strongly influenced by traits such as tenderness, flavor, juiciness, and visual appeal. These attributes depend on several intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including breed, feeding practices, slaughter age, and processing technologies. Enhancing sensory quality is essential to increase consumer acceptance and satisfaction. Commercially, poultry meat holds a strong position in global markets due to its affordability, production efficiency, and adaptability to consumer demands. The development of value-added products, such as functional foods and convenience items, continues to expand its economic potential. Moreover, sustainability concerns and changing dietary patterns are driving innovation in both production and marketing strategies. This paper highlights the need for a multidimensional evaluation of poultry meat, integrating nutritional value, sensory appeal, and market performance. Such an approach supports the optimization of product quality, aligns with public health goals, and enhances competitiveness within the food industry
Georgiana Magdalena Pîrlea (Gheciu Pîrlea)
Study of Fatty Acids Composition of Muscle and Adipose Tissues from Mangalitsa Breed
In the past, consumers preferred well marbled meat, very rich in intramuscular fat, which was very important in preparation of grilled meat from the Anglo-Saxon areas. The lower content of saturated fatty acids and the higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids are advantageous especially for human nutrition. Due to the ratio between linoleic and linolenic acids, the oxidation capacity is lower, which reduces the risk of rancidity. Slaughtering the pigs at a lower weight (90-115 kg) is reducing the fat content of the meat and it’s having a significant impact on the protein content from gammon and ham, as well as on the fatty acids composition. Comparing the composition in fatty acids from back and belly fat, back fat contained more saturated fatty acids and les monounsaturated fatty acids. Stearic acid content which determines fat hardness was higher in back fat.
Research on the Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Traditional Pork Meat Products
Traditional pork meat products are considered healthy, with superior sensory and nutritional characteristics compared to those obtained through conventional methods, which is why they are highly appreciated by consumers. Therefore, the physico-chemical and microbiological examination of pork products is used to assess the safety and hygiene of these products, employing principles and methods based on laboratory analyses. This study presents the results of the physico-chemical and microbiological examination of five types of specialty pork products: smoked pork tenderloin, baked and smoked pork pastrami, smoked pork belly, smoked pork loin, and smoked and baked pork neck, within their shelf life. The products are made in small processing units, following authentic, traditional recipes. It was found that the analyzed samples meet the microbiological standards and are safe for human consumption. The physico-chemical indicators comply with the current legal requirements, being noted for their low water content and higher protein levels. The quality of the raw materials is fundamental to a safe finished product.
Influence of the Starvation Period on the Technological Performance of Juvenile Carp in a Recirculating Aquaculture System
Compensatory growth relates to a period of intensified feeding, typically following a brief period of starvation, and represents a technological opportunity to achieve the planned performance indicators. Experimental research lasted 28 days and was conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system. Two experimental rearing variants were utilized to evaluate compensatory growth: variant V1, the control variant (initial stocking density - 4.545 kg/m³, number of carp fish- 40), where fish were fed continuously for 28 days, while in V2 (initial stocking density - 4.485 kg/m³, number of carp fish- 40) the fish were starved for 3 days and then refed for 4 days, also for 28 days. The most significant technological indicators of crop biomass are as follows: the feed conversion factor recorded values of 1.18 g feed/g biomass spore in V1 and 1.25 g feed/g biomass spore in V2; the specific growth rate showed values of 1.735 %/day in the control variant and 1.67 %/day in the variant where the biological material was starved and then refed. The analysis of growth dynamics in the crop biomass highlights the potential of juvenile carp to recover the weight lost during the starvation period, reaching approximately the same biomass as in the control variant.
The Inclusion of Sorghum in the Diet of Farmed Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L.
The present study investigated the effects of sorghum inclusion in carp (Cyprinus Carpio) diets on growth, blood parameters, meat composition, microbiota in carp. Experimental diets with varying sorghum contents were fed to carp with an initial body weight of 50 g. The diets were tested for the presence sorghum in the diet. In particular at 30% sorghum completely replaced corn and barley. Inclusion of sorghum reduced final body weight and growth, especially in the R4 group with 30% sorghum. However, other physiological parameters such as feed requirement, specific growth rate and organ index were not affected. Carp meat protein content and salt increased with increasing sorghum inclusion rate. In addition, there was a positive correlation between sorghum concentration and malondialdehyde levels and a negative correlation with glutathione levels, indicating a breakdown of antioxidant defence mechanisms and an increase in oxidative stress.
Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture in Freshwater Systems in the Context of the Circular Economy – a Review
Aquaculture is among the fastest-growing industries worldwide, playing a key role in feeding a continuously expanding global population. This accelerated development calls for the adoption of innovative technologies, efficient culture systems, and sustainable production practices. In this context, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are considered a strategic solution for meeting the increasing demand for aquatic products, thanks to their capacity to optimize resource use and reduce environmental pressure. Additionally, the integration of new and adaptable species into Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) or aquaponic systems, especially in freshwater environments, significantly enhances the efficiency and sustainability of modern aquaculture. Integrating IMTA into RAS enables efficient water use, more rigorous biosecurity control, and a significant reduction in nutrient emissions. Moreover, incorporating hydroponic components enhances the benefits of these systems by allowing the cultivation of edible plants that utilize residual nutrients and contribute to strengthening the circular nature of the system. Through resource valorization, waste reduction, and production diversification, IMTA emerges as a key model for modern, sustainable, and responsible aquaculture, with a positive impact on ecosystem health and global food security. This review synthesizes the most recent research on IMTA, highlighting its potential in the transition towards sustainable aquaculture, in full alignment with the principles of the circular economy. IMTA involves the co-cultivation of species from different trophic levels within a system that transforms organic and inorganic waste into valuable resources for other cultured organisms. This model optimizes nutrient use, reduces environmental impact, and diversifies production, while also offering additional economic opportunities.
The Biotechnological Impact of Royal Jelly, Apilarnil, and Propolis on Sturgeon – a Review
Bee products such as royal jelly, apilarnil, and propolis are well known for their bioactive properties and have shown significant applications across various fields, including aquaculture. This review provides a systematic analysis of the potential role of these substances in sturgeon biotechnology, focusing on their effects on growth, development, immune modulation, and stress resistance. The study synthesizes existing literature and highlights future perspectives regarding the use of apicultural products to enhance the biological performance and welfare of sturgeons in aquaculture systems.
Ouantitative Splanchnology study on European Catfish (Silurus glanis) Raised in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
European catfish (Silurus glanis) is a species with considerable economic potential in aquaculture due to its adaptability and superior meat quality. The development of intensive breeding technologies has allowed the increase of production efficiency, making this species a viable choice for recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) that have increased significantly in recent years in Europe and beyond. The aim of the study was to highlight the anatomical peculiarities of the internal organs of European catfish raised in an intensive, indoor recirculating aquaculture system (RAS), examining both morphological characteristics and quantitative splanchnology. Five male catfish, aged 2 years and 10 months, were studied. Among the results obtained, it was noted that the fish raised in the RAS up to the age of slaughter did not accumulate perivisceral fat, and the segments of the digestive tract were reduced in size, likely due to a diet based on dry feed. Thus, it can be said that the intensification of European catfish production has led to notable changes in the structure and function of internal organs, particularly within the digestive system, as a result of the feeding regime based on granulated dry feed. The particularities observed especially in the digestive tract reflect the adaptive responses of the fish to the environmental conditions and rearing practices used in intensive aquaculture.
The Effect of Ovarian Cyst Aspiration on the Dairy Cow Pregnancy Rate
In dairy cows' reproduction, ovarian cysts are one of the most significant contributors to infertility, leading to considerable economic losses. The approach to treating ovarian cysts can vary depending on the type of cyst. For follicular cysts, the recommended treatment is the administration of GnRH. In contrast, luteal cysts are typically treated with PGF2α. This study aims to evaluate the effects of ovarian cyst aspiration on reproduction of dairy cows. For this study, twenty repeat-breeding dairy cows diagnosed with follicular cysts were divided into two groups, each consisting of 10 cows: the OCE group (n = 10) and the OCP group (n = 10). In the OCP group, the ovarian cyst aspiration was performed on the day of cyst diagnosis, while the cows in the OCE group did not receive any treatment for 21 days. Compared to the OCE group, in which 20% registered a spontaneous recovery, in the OCP group, 60% of the cows recovered from the first aspiration, 40% required a second ovarian cyst aspiration. Finally, the pregnancy rate was 40% in the OCP group and 10% in the OCE group. This preliminary result provides the premises for future studies regarding ovarian cysts ultrasound-guided transvaginal aspiration.
Hormonal Control of Estrus in the Non-Breeding Season of Turcana Breed Sheep - A Review
Reproduction management in sheep microfarms is a key element in increasing fertility, birth rate and economic and financial impact at the farm level. Fertility in microfarms is influenced by the ability to induce estrus and ovulation in non-breeding season, as sheep are acyclic animals. Factors that influence estrus induction and ovulation can be represented by: breed, season, photoperiod, duration of the lactation period, nutritional and health status of the sheep, duration of the postpartum period, the ratio between the number of rams and ewes, the time of introduction of the ram into the flock, administration of hormonal preparations, type of hormonal preparation and administration schedule. The administration of hormonal preparations in sheep plays a major role in the synchronization of estrus and the control of reproduction in non-breeding season: among the hormones most frequently used for this purpose we mention: progestogens, PGF2α and its analogues, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG or eCG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), melatonin which is administered alone or in combination with other hormones. Among these, progestogens are the most frequently used during but also in non-breeding season, PGF2α and its analogues are used during the breeding season, and melatonin is usually used in non-breeding season. The current concerns of many groups of researchers are related to studies on the mode of action of hormonal preparations for inducing and synchronizing estrus, respectively stimulating ovulation in sheep in the non-breeding period to ensure increased birth rates in microfarms.