The bioaccumulation of heavy metals in barley (Hordeum vulgare L) cultivated on fly ash dump mixed with compost and natural zeolite materials
Keywords:
compost, fly ash, indigenous volcanic tuff, Hordeum vulgare, restorationAbstract
The physic-chemical characteristics of the upper layers of fly ash dumps are very important when phytostabilization plant selection is carried out. Plants with topsoil well developed roots, like cereals are used to stabilize fly ash dumps in order to eliminate the deflation, erosion, etc. These plant species could be used in the phytostabilization/phytoextraction variant taking into account their metal hyper accumulation capacity, and also in phytostabilization variant by adequate topsoil treatments when a decrease mobility of metals from soil to plants is achieved and thus a less toxic crop is obtained. This study presents a comparative analysis of the metal bioaccumulation degree in plant tissues (grain and straw) of barley cultivated on fly ash variants treated with different quantities of compost in the absence/presence of natural zeolite materials, indigenous volcanic tuff. The addition of plant debris and sewage sludge compost mixed with natural zeolite materials has lowered the bioaccumulation of Cr with 49%, of Cu with 29%, Fe with more than 77.5%, in grains and straw when compared to untreated fly ash. Barley plants does not allow for Pb and Ni transfer from the fly ash in the aerial part of tissue.
References
Ali, N. A., Ater. M., Sunahara. G.L., Robidoux, P.Y., Phytoxicology and bioaccumulation of copper and chromium using barley (Hordeum vulgare) in spiked artificial and natural forest soils, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 57, 2004, pp. 363-374
Chlopecka, A., Bacon, J.R., Wilson, M.J., Kay, J., Heavy metal in environment, Journal Environ. Qual., 25, 1996, pp. 69-79
Otabbong, E., Sadovnikova, L., Iakimenko, O., Nelsson, I., Persson, J., Sewage sludge: Soil conditioner and nutrients source. II. Availability Cu, Zn, Pb and Cu to barley in a pot experiment, Acta Agriculture Scandinavica, Sect B: Soil-land-plant Sciences, 47, 1997, pp. 65-72
Vassilev, A., Physiological and agro ecological aspects of cadmium interactions with barley plants: an overview, Journal Central European Agriculture, 4, 2002, pp. 65-76
Soriano, M.A., Fereres, E., Use crops for in-situ phytoremediation of polluted soils following a toxic flood from a mine sit, Plant and soil, 256, 2003, pp. 253-256
Garcia-Sanchez, A., Alastuey, A., Querol, X., Heavy metal adsorption by different minerals: application to the remediation of polluted soils, The Science of the Total Environment, 242, 1999, pp. 179-188
Friesl, W., Friedl, J., Plantzer, K., Horak, O., Gerzabek, M.H., Remediation of contaminated agricultural soils near a former Pb/Zn smelter in Austria: Batch, pot and field experiments, Environmental Pollution, 144, 2006, pp. 40-50
Kumpiene, J., Lagerkvist, A., Maurice, C., Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments – A review, Waste Management, 28., 2008, pp. 215 – 225
Van Herwijnen, R., Hutchings, T.R., Al Tabbaa, A., Moffat, A.J., Johns, M.L, Ouki, S.K., Remediation of metal. contamined soil with mineral amended composts, Environment Pollution, 150, 2007, pp. 347-354
Butorac, A., Mesic, M., Filipar, T., Budorac, J., Basic, F., Kisic, I., The influence of special natural amendments based on zeolite tuff and different lime materials on some soil chemical properties, Rostlinna Vyroba, 48(3), 2002, pp. 133-139
Battaglia, A., Calace, N., Nardi, E., Petronio, B.M., Pietroletti, M., Reduction of Pb and Zn bioavailable forms in metal polluted soils due to paper mill sludge addition. Effects on Pb and Zn transferability to barley, Bioresource Technology, 98 (16), 2007, 2993-2999
Dayegamiye, A.N., Drapeau, A., Lavendiere, M.R., Effets des apports de composts de résidus ménagers sur les rendements des cultures et certaines propriétés du sol, Agrosol, 6, 2005, pp. 135-144
Haynes, R.J., Reclamation and revegetation of fly ash disposal sites – Challenges and research needs, Journal of Environmental Management, 90, 2008, pp. 43-53
Jambhlkar, J.P., Juwakar, A.A., Assessment of bioaccumulation of heavy metals by different plant species grown fly ash dumps, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72, 2009, pp. 112-118
Mâșu, S., Andres, L., Rus, V., Bogatu, C., Botau, D., Cocheci, D., Ihos, M., Demetrovici, L, Chira. D., Process for obtaining of supported materials used for metals immobilization from water, State Office for Inventions and Trademarks, Romanian Patent No. 122630, Bucharest, 2009.
