The Effect of Nutrients on the Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows
Keywords:
proteins, energy, minerals, vitamins, reproductive performance, cowsAbstract
The aim of this paper is to review the effects of the quality of nutrients in the ration on the reproductive function of dairy cows. Protein supplementation is one of the most important nutrients in milk production. However, an excess of protein over the requirements of cows affects reproductive function. Protein is needed to meet the nitrogen requirements of rumen microorganisms, as well as a direct source of protein for lactating cows.
The excess of degradable proteins in the rumen also results in large amounts of ammonia in the blood of the dairy cow, when there is not enough energy to turn ammonia into microbial proteins. In addition, the ammonia excess conversion requires energy, which can lead to a negative energy balance. This ammonia excess and negative energy balance result in reduced reproductive performance in dairy cows.
Minerals and vitamins are the most important nutrients for breastfeeding women, which are needed in very small quantities, but play an important role in metabolism, milk production, reproductive function and even for microbial fermentation in the rumen. Shaking seeds from plants is normally responsible for the loss of many nutrients, so the remaining material, such as straw, is a poor source of food.
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