Specific-Protocol of Laboratory Techniques in the Diagnosis of Rabies

Abstract

Many animal-to-human transmissible diseases have been known since ancient times, but the Pasteurian period, which was by far a turning point in the development of microbiology, is the hottest stage of accumulation, substantiation and detection of the causality and pathogenesis of many of these. Peat is an anthropozoosis spread all over the globe, and without being influenced by climate or season, it can have a sporadic, enzootic or epizootic character. The epidemiological aspect correlates with the biology of the species, the main vector. The existence of stray dogs in all regions of a country gives a very scattered character of cases of urban disturbance, with seasonal incidence, favored during the route. Rabies is an acute, sporadic-enzootic encephalomyelitis, found in all homeothermic animal species, transmissible to humans, and characterized by acute evolution with sensory and motor nervous manifestations, expressed by hyperexcitability and aggression, followed by paralysis and death. In all cases of rabies, an immediate diagnosis and urgent action is required, 32 both for animals that are disturbed or suspected of having the disease, and for those that are contaminated or suspected of being infected. As neither the clinical aspects of the macroscopic lesions are pathognomonic, the diagnosis of the disease is based on laboratory exam (virological, biological, histopathological and serological). As it is a major zoonosis, laboratory diagnostic techniques for rabies have been internationally standardized.