Application of Real-time PCR for Rapid Petection of Salmonella spp., Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium and Enteritidis in Food Samples of Animal Origin without Pre-enrichment and with Pre-enrichment
Keywords:
pre-enrichment, real-time PCR, Salmonella spp., SYBR GreenAbstract
The aim of this study was follow the contamination of milk and meat products with Salmonella spp. by using the Step One real-time PCR. We used the PrepSEQ Rapid Spin Sample Preparation Kit for isolation of DNA and Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix for pursuance the real-time PCR (Applied Biosystems). We were observing the presence of genes stn (Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium DT096), sef and pef (Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis SE7). We could detect strain of Salmonella spp. in the investigated samples without pre-enrichment and after pre-enrichment. Our results indicated that the Step One real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Salmonella spp. in food samples of animal origin (swabs). This Step One real-time PCR assay is extremely useful for any laboratory in possession of a real-time PCR. It is a fast, reproducible, simple, specific and sensitive way to detect nucleic acids, which could be used in clinical diagnostic tests in the future. Our results indicated that the Step One real-time PCR assay developed in this study could sensitively detect Salmonella spp. in ready to eat food. Thus, these results proved real-time PCR to be useful as a rapid diagnostic test for the direct detection of pathogens in food of animal origin, without the need of pre-enrichment steps.
References
Magnino, S., Colin, P., Dei-Cas, E., Madsen, M., McLauchlin, J., Nöckler, K., et al., Biological risks associated with consumption of reptile products. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2009, 134, 163–175
Davies, R.H., Wales, A.D., Investigations into Salmonella contamination in poultry feedmills in the United Kingdom, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010, 109, 1430–1440
Patel, M.K., Chen, S., Pringle, J., Russo, E., Viñaras, J., Weiss, J., et al., A prolonged outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo infections associated with multiple locations of a restaurant chain in Phoenix, Arizona, 2008. Journal of Food Protection, 2010, 73, 1858–1863
Cheung, P.Y., Kwok, K.K., Kam, K.M., Application of BAX system, Tecra Unique™ Salmonella test, and a conventional culture method for the detection of Salmonella in ready-to-eat and raw foods, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, 103, 219–227
Cohen, H.J., Mechanda, S.M., Lin, W., PCR amplification of the fim A gene sequence of Salmonella typhimurium, a specific method for detection of Salmonella spp., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996, 62, 4303–4308
Swamy, S.C., Barnhart, H.M., Lee, M.D., Dreesen, D.W., Virulence of determinants inv A and spv C in salmonellae isolated from poultry products, wastewater, and human sources., Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1996, 62, 3768–3771
Gorski, L., Liang, A.S., Effect of enrichment medium on real-time detection of Salmonella enterica from lettuce and tomato enrichment cultures, Journal of Food Protection, 2010, 73, 1047–1056
González-Escalona, N., Hammack, T.S., Russell, M., Jacobson, A.P., De Jesus, A.J., Brown, E.W., et al., Detection of live Salmonella sp. cells in produce by a TaqMan based quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR targeting inv A mRNA, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2009, 75, 3714–3720
Wolffs, P.F.G., Glencross, K., Thibaudeau, R., Griffiths, M.W. Direct quantitation and detection of Salmonellae in biological samples without enrichment, using two step filtration and real-time PCR, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2006, 72, 3896–3900
Liming, S.H., Bhagwat, A.A., Application of a molecular beacon-real-time PCR technology to detect Salmonella species contaminating fruits and vegetables, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2006, 95, 177–187
Higgins, J.A., Jenkins, M.C., Shelton, D.R., Fayer, R., Karns, J.S., Rapid extraction of DNA from Escherichia coli and Cryptosporidium parvum for use in PCR, Applied Environmental Microbiology 2001, 67, 5321–5324
Malorny, B., Paccassoni, E., Fach, P., Bunge, C., Martin, A., Helmuth, R. Diagnostic real-time PCR for detection of Salmonella in food, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2004, 70, 7046-7052
Rossmanith, P., Krassnig, M., Wagner, M., Hein, I. Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food using a combined enrichment/real-time PCR method targeting the prfAgene, Research Microbiology, 2006, 157, 763-771
Sails, A D., Fox, A.J., Bolton, F.J., Wareing, D.R., Greenway, D.L., A real-time PCR assay for the detection of Campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture, Applied Environmental Microbiology, 2003, 69, 1383-1390
Anonymous. Regulation (EC) 2160/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 on the control of Salmonella and other specified food-borne zoonotic agents
Rodriguez, Lazaro, D., Hernandez, M., Molecular methodology in food microbiology diagnostics: Trends and current challenges. IUFoST: IUFoST World Congress., 2006, pp.1085–1099
Lu, G., Jiang, L., Helikar, R.M., Rowley, T.W., Zhang, L., Chen, X., Moriyama, E.N., Genome Blast: a web tool for small genome comparison, BMC Bioinformatics, 2006, 8, 18
Yao, J., Lin, H., Doddapaneni, H., Civerolo, E.L. Way Comp: a genome-wide sequence comparison tool for multiple strains/species of phylogenetically related microorganisms, Silico Biology, 2007, 7, 195–200.