The Influence of Some Phytobiotics on Haematological and Some Biochemical Indices at Oreochromis Niloticus–Linnaeus, 1758
Keywords:
haematological profile, leukogram, lysozyme activity, Oreochromis niloticus, phytobiotics, recirculating aquaculture systemAbstract
The aim of this research was to evaluated the influence of some phytobiotics on haematological profile, leukocyte reaction and some biochemical indices at Oreochromis niloticus species, reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. This experiment was conducted six weeks. The experimental variants were: V1–control; V2–1% Rosmarinus officinali/kg feed; V3–1% Hippophae rhamnoides/kg feed and V4–1% Zingiber officinale/kg feed. Blood was analyzed using standard techniques. At the end of the experiment the following parameters were determined: RBCc (x106cells/µL), Hb (g/dL), PVC (%), MCV (µm3), MCH (pg), MCHC (g/dL), TP (g/dL), GLU (mg/dL), cortisol (ng/mL), lysozyme activity (U/mL), absolute number of blood cells (x103 cells/µL) and leukogram (%). The results showed that the administration in feed of some phytobiotics lead to signifiant differences (p<0.05) of following parameters: RBCc (x106cells/µL), MCV (µm3), glucose (mg/dL), lysozyme activity (U/mL), monocyte (%) and in absolute number of leukocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. In conclusion, due to decreasing of RBCc, PVC, Hb, MCHC, cortisol, GLU and due to normal concentration of TP, we can say that the administration of sea buckthorn and ginger, but even rosemary administration, in diet improves the physiological status at Oreochromis niloticus species.
References
FAO-Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758 ), Home page address:
http://www.fao.org/fishery/culturedspecies/Oreochromis_niloticus/en#tcNA00D9
Antache, A., Cristea V., Grecu I., Dediu L., Mocanu (Creţu), M., Ion (Placintă), S. and Petrea, Şt. M., The Effects of Some Phytobiotics on Biochemical Composition of Oreochromis Niloticus Meat Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System, Scientific Papers: Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, 2013, 46 (1), 238-243.
Chen, Y. E., Jin, S. and Wang, G. L., Study on blood
physiological and biochemical indices of Vibrio alginilyticus disease of Lateolabrax japonicas, J. Ocean. Tai. Str., 2005, 24, 104–108.
Cnaani, A., Tinman, S., Avidar, Y., Ron, M. and Hulata, G., Comparative study of biochemical parameters in response to stress in O. aureus, O. mossambicus and two strains of O. Niloticus, Aquaculture Res, 2004, 35, 1434–1440.
Svobodova, Z., Kroupova, H., Modra, H., Flajshans, M., Randak, T., Savina, L. V. and Gela, D., Haematological profile of common carp spawners of various breeds, J. App. Ichthyol., 2008, 24, 55–59.
Satheeshkumar, P., Ananthan, G., Senthil Kumar, D. and Jagadeesan, L., Haematology and biochemical parameters of different feeding behaviour of teleost fishes from Vellar estuary, India. Comp Clin Pathol, 2011, doi 10.1007/s00580-011-1259-7
Haghighi, M. and Rohani, M. S., The effects of powdered ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the haematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. J. Med. Plant Herbal Ther. Res., 2013, 8-12.
Raa, J., The use of immunostimulants in fish and shellfish feeds. In: L. E. Cruz-Suarez, D. Ricque-Marie, M. Tapia-Salazar, M. A. Y. Olvera-Novoa and R. Civera-Cerecedo (Eds.). Avances en Nutriciόn Acuίcόla V. Memorias del V Simposium International de Nutriciόn Acuίcόla. Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, 2000, pp. 47-56.
Campbell, T. W., Hematology of lower vertebrates. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists (ACVPC) & 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Pathology (ASVCP). ACVP and ASVCP, USA, 2004.
Landis, W. G. and Yu, M., Introduction to Environmental Toxicology. Crc Press. 2004. pp. 509.
De Pedro, N., Guijarro, A. E., Lopez-Patino, M. A., Marinez-Alvarez, R. and Delgado, M., Daily and seasonal variation in haematological and blood biochemical parameters in tench Tinca tinca, Aquaculture Res., 2005, 36, 85–96.
Lermen, C. L., Lappe, R., Crestani, M., Vieira, V. P., Gioda, C. R., Schetinger, M. R. C., Baldisserotto, B., Moraes, G. and Morsch, V. M., Effect of different temperature regimes on metabolic and blood parameters of silver catfish Rhamdia quelen, Aquaculture, 2004, 239, 497–507.
Hemre, G.I ., Hjeltnes, B., Aksnes, A. and Waagb, R., Effect of gelatinized wheat and maize in diets for large Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) on glycogen retention, plasma glucose and fish health, Aquaculture Nutrition, 1996, 2, 33-39
Patriche, T., Patriche, N. and Tenciu, M., Cyprinids total blood proteins determination, Lucrări ştiinţifice Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, 2009, 42 (2), 95-101, Timişoara.
Secombes, C. J., and Olivier, G., Furunculosis, Academic Press, New York, 1997, pp. 269-296.
Antache, A., Cristea, V., Dediu, L., Grecu, I., Docan, A., Vasilean, I., Mocanu (Creţu), M. and Petrea, Şt. M., The influence of some phytobiotics on growth performance at Oreochromis niloticus reared in an intensive recirculating aquaculture system, Lucrări Ştiinţifice-Seria Zootehnie, 2013, 204-208.
Cristea, V., Grecu, I. and Ceapa, C., Recirculating aquaculture systems engineering, Didactic and Pedagogic Publishing House, R. A. Bucharest, 2002.
Antache, A., Cristea, V., Grecu, I. R., Ion (Plăcintă), S. and Mocanu (Creţu), M., The Influence of Rosemary, Sea Buckthorn and Ginger on Oxidative Stress at Oreochromis niloticus Reared in a Recirculating Aquaculture System, Bulletin UASVM Animal Science and Biotechnologies 2013, 70(1), 110-116.
Blaxhall, P. C. and Daisley, K. W., Routine Haematological Methods For Use Fish Blood, Journal Of Fish Biology, 1973, 5(6), 771–781.
Ghergariu, S., Pop, A. and Kadar, L., Ghid de Laborator Clinic Veterinar, Bucureşti, 1985.
Svobodova, Z., Stress in Fishes (A Review), Bull. Vurh Vodnany, 2001, 4, 169-191.
Enzymatic Activity of Lysozyme Protocol – Sigma Aldrich. Home page address: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/technical-documents/protocols/biology/enzymatic-assay-of-lysozyme.html
Svobodova, Z., Fravda, D. and Palakova, J., Unified methods of haematological examination of fish. Research Institute of fish Culture and Hydrobiology, VURH Vodnany, Edice Metodik, Czechoslovakia, 1991.
Velíšek, J., Svobodová, Z., and Piačková, V., Effects of 2-Phenoxyethanol Anaesthesia on Haematological Profile on Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Acta Vet. Brno, 2007, 76, 487-492.
Hamid, A. S. H., Ahmed, M. F. A., Mohammed, A. M. I. and Ali, M. S. I., Physical and chemical caracteristics of blood of two fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias lazera), Worlds Vet. J., 2013, 3(1), 17-20.
Bittencourt, N. L. R., Molinari L. M., Scoaris, D. O., Pedroso, R. B., Nakamura, C. V., Ueda-Nakamura, T., Abreu Filho, B. A. and Dias Filho, B. P., Haematological and biochemical values for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus cultured in semi-intensive system. Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences Maringá, 2003, 25 (2), 385-389.
Hrubec, T. C., Cardinale, J. L. and Smith, S. A., Hematology and Plasma Chemistry Reference Intervals for Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis Hybrid), Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 2000, 29 (1).
Aly, S. M., Ahmed, Y. A-G., Ghareeb, A. A.-A. and Mohamed, M. F., Studies on Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus acidophilus, as a potential probiotics, on the immune response and resistance of Tilapia nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus) to challenge infections, Fish and Shellfish immunology, 2008, 25, 128-136.
Apines-Amar, M. J. S., Amar, E. C. and Faisan, J. P. Jr., Growth, plasma cortisol, liver and kidney histology, and resistance to vibriosis in brownmarbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus fed onion and ginger, Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 2013, 6(6), 530-538.
Ndong, D. and Fall, J., The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) on growth and immune responses of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticusxOreochromis aureus), Journal of Clinical immunology and Immunopathology Research, 2011, 3(1), 1-9.
Tavares-Dias, M. and Oliveira, S. R., A review of the blood coagulation system of fish, Brazilian Journal of Biosciences, Porto Alegre, 2009, 7(2), 205-224.
