Computer Assisted Semen Analysis of Epididymal Spermatozoa after an Interperitoneal Administration of Diazinon and Cadmium
Keywords:
cadmium, computer assisted semen analysis, diazinon, rat, spermatozoa motilityAbstract
The effects of cadmium and diazinon administration on rat sperm motility parameters were performed using a Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA) system. CASA was made on semen samples collected 36 h following an intraperitoneal injection of physiological solution (control group), diazinon (20 mg/kg body wt), cadmium (2 mg/kg body wt), separately and in combination. Sperm kinematic measurements revealed significant decline in the percentage of motile spermatozoa (P<0.05), significant higher amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) (P<0.01) with significant decline in beat cross frequency (BCF) (P<0.001) after the diazinon administration. Cadmium-treated males exhibited significantly lower percentage of motile spermatozoa (P<0.01) and percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility (P<0.001) with significant decrease in straightness (STR) and BCF (P<0.05). Simultaneous exposure to cadmium and diazinon led to significant increase in ALH (P<0.05) and significant decrease in BCF (P<0.001). Cadmium and diazinon exerted deleterious effect inducing spermatozoa motility alterations which could be subsequently negatively related to male fertility.
References
Skakkebaek, N.E., Jorgensen, N., Main K.M., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., Leffers, H., Andersson, A.M., Juul, A., Carlsen, E., KrogMortensen, G., KoldJensen, T., Toppari, J., Is human fecundity declining?, Int J Androl, 2006, 29, 2-11
Benoff, S., Hauser, R., Marmar, J.L., Hurley, I.R., Napolitano, B., Centola, G.M. Cadmium concentrations in blood and seminal plasma: correlations with sperm number and motility in three male populations (infertility patients, artificial insemination donors, and unselected volunteers), Mol Med, 2009, 15, 248-62
Yeung, B.H.Y., Wan, H.T., Law, A.Y.S., Wong, Ch.K.C., Endocrine disrupting chemicals, Multiple effects on testicular signaling and spermatogenesis, Spermatogenesis, 2011, 1, 231-239
Neal, R.A. Evaluation of Mixtures: Laboratory Tests, In: Methods for Assessing the Effects of Mixtures of Chemicals, Vouk. V.B., Butler, G.C., Upton, A.C., Parke, D.V., Asher, S.C., Scope, 1987, 543-553.
Pina Guzman, B., Solis-Heredia, M.J., Quintanilla-Vega, B. Diazinon alters sperm chromatin structure in mice by phosphorylating nuclear protamines, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2005, 202, 189-198
Colovic, M., Krstic, D., Petrovic, S., Leskovac, A., Joksic, G., Savic, J., Franko, M., Trebse, P., Vasic, V., Toxic effects of diazinon and its photodegradation products, Toxicol Lett, 2010, 193, 9-18
ElMazoudy, R.H., Attia, A.A. Endocrine-disrupting and cytotoxic potential of anticholinesterase insecticide, diazinon in reproductive toxicity of male mice, J Hazard Mater, 2012, 209-210, 111-120
Fulton, M.H., Key, P.B., Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in estuarine fish and invertebrates as an indicator of organophosphorus insecticide exposure and effects, Environ Toxicol Chem, 2001, 20, 37-45
Abd El-Aziz, M.I., Sahlab, A.M., Abd El-Khalik, M., Influence of diazinon and deltamethrine on reproductive organs and fertility of male rats, Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 1994, 101, 230-232
Swan, S.H., Kruse, R.L., Liu, F., Barr, D.B., Drobnis, E.Z., Redmon, J.B., Wang, Ch., Brazil, Ch., Overstreet, J.W., Semen quality in relation to biomarkers of pesticide exposure, Environ Health Perspect, 2003, 111, 1478-1484
Fattahi, F., Parivar, K., Jorsaraei, S.G.A., Moghadamnia, A.A., The effects of diazinon on testosterone, FSH and LH levels and testicular tissue in mice, Iranian J Reprod Med, 2009, 7, 59-64
Zidan, N.E.H.A., Evaluation of the reproductive toxicity of chlorpyrifos methyl, diazinon and profenofos pesticides in male rats, Int J Pharmacol, 2009, 5, 51-57
Duruibe, J.O., Ogwuegbu, M.O.C., Egwurugwu, J.N., Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects, Int J Phys Sci, 2007, 2, 112-118
Thompson, J., Bannigan, J., Cadmium: toxic effects on the reproductive system and the embryo, Reprod Toxicol, 2008, 25, 304-315
Siu, E.R., Mruk, D.D., Porto, C.S., Yan Cheng, C., Cadmium-induced testicular injury, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 2009, 3, 240-249
De Souza Predes, F., Diamante, M.A., Dolder, H., Testis response to low doses of cadmium in Wistar rats, Inter J Experim Pathol, 2010, 91, 125-131
Toman, R., Adamkovicova, M., Hluchy, S., Cabaj, M., Golian, J., Quantitative analysis of the rat testes after an acute cadmium and diazinon administration, Sci Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2011, 44, 188-191
Xu, L.C., Wang, S.Y., Yang, X.F., Wang, X.R., Effects of cadmium on rat sperm motility evaluated with computer assisted sperm analysis, Biomed Environ Sci, 2001, 14, 312-317
Roychoudhury, S., Massanyi, P., Bulla, J., Choudhury, M.D., Lukac, N., Filipejova, T., Trandzik, J., Toman, R., Almasiova, V., Cadmium toxicity at low concentration on rabbit spermatozoa motility, morphology and membrane integrity in vitro, J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2010, 45, 1374-1383
Lifeng, T., Shoulin, W., Junmin, J., Xuezhao, S., Yannan, L., Qianli, W., Longsheng, C. Effects of fenvalerate exposure on semen quality among occupational workers, Contraception, 2006, 73, 92-96
Verstegen, J., Iguer-Ouada, M., Onclin, K. Computer assisted semen analyzers in andrology research and veterinary practice, Theriogenology, 2002, 57, 149-179
Sanchez-Pena, L.C., Reyes, B.E., Lopez-Carrillo, L., Recio, R., Moran-Martinez, J., Cebrián, M.E., Quintanilla-Vega, B., Organophosphorous pesticide exposure alters sperm chromatin structure in Mexican agricultural workers, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2004, 196, 108-113
Mukhopadhyay, D., Varghese, A.C., Nandi, P., Banerjee, S.K., Bhattacharyya, A.K., CASA-based sperm kinematics of environmental risk factor-exposed human semen samples designated as normozoospermic in conventional analysis, Andrologia, 2010, 42, 242-246
Duty, S.M., Calafat, A.M., Silva, M.J., Brock, J.W., Ryan, L., Chen, Z., Overstreet, J., Hauser, R., The relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and computer-aided sperm analysis motion parameters, J Androl, 2004, 25, 293-302
Joshi, S.C., Sharma, P., Male reproductive toxicity of organophosphorous compounds: a review., Toxicol Environ Chem, 2011, 93, 1486-1507
El-Demerdash, F.M., Yousef, M.I., Kedwany, F.S., Baghdadi, H.H., Cadmium-induced changes in lipid peroxidation, blood hematology, biochemical parameters and semen quality of male rats: protective role of vitamin E and beta-carotene., Food Chem Toxicol, 2004, 42, 1563-1571
Bennetts, L.E., Aitken, R.J., A comparative study of oxidative DNA damage in mammalian spermatozoa, Mol Reprod Dev, 2005, 71, 77-87
Oliveira, H., Spano, M., Santos, C., de Lourdes Pereira, M., Adverse effects of cadmium exposure on mouse sperm, Reprod Toxicol, 2009, 28, 550-555
Dondero, F., Banni, M., Negri, A., Boatti, L., Dagnino, A., Viarengo, A., Interactions of a pesticide/heavy metal mixture in marine bivalves: a transcriptomic assessment, BMC Genomics, 2011, 12, 195
Selvaraju, S., Nandi, S., Gupta, P.S., Ravindra, J.P., Effects of heavy metals and pesticides on buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa functions in vitro, Reprod Domest Anim, 2011, 46, 807-813 .
