Effects of Some Plant Extracts in Triticale-Based Broiler Diets on Growth Performance, E.Coli Counts in Intestine and Blood Parameters
Keywords:
broiler chickens, enzyme, flavomycin, plant extracts, triticaleAbstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of using plant essential oils in triticale-based broiler diets as alternative to antimicrobial growth promotors (AGPs) on growth, E.coli counts in small intestine and blood parameters. 720 male broiler chicks were randomly distributed to nine experimental groups with four replicates. The control group received the triticale-soybean meal basal diet. In the other treatment groups the basal diet was supplemented with one of the following; flavomycin, enzyme, flavomycin+enzyme, enzyme+thyme oil, enzyme+fennel oil, enzyme+bay leaf oil, enzyme+thyme oil+fennel oil and enzyme+thyme oil+fennel oil+bay leaf oil. Results showed that the weight gain and feed intake were not influenced by the treatments (p>0.05). The use of the combination of plant extracts significantly improved the feed conversion. Use of plant extracts in triticale-based broiler diets as an alternative to AGPs had no regular effect on E.coli count in small intestine segments (p>0.05). Feeding broiler chickens with the enzyme+thyme oil supplemented diets increased eritrocyte level in serum (p<0.05), but hemoglobin, leucocyte and hematocrit level in serum were not significantly changed (p>0.05) by the treatments. In conclusion, these plant extracts can be also used with enzyme in triticale-based broiler diets as alternative to AGPs.
References
Maurice, P. V., Jones, J. E., Lightsey, S. F., Rhohoades, J. F. and Hsu, K. T., Chemical composition and nutritive value of triticale (Florida 201) for broiler chickens, Applied Agriculture Research, 2000, 4, 243-247.
Johnson, R and Eason, P., Evaluation of triticale for use in diets for meat-type chickens. Journal Science of Food Agriculture, 1988, 42, 95-108.
Knudsen, K. E., The nutritional significance of dietary fiber analysis. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001, 90, 3-20.
Preston, C. M., McCracken, K. J. and Bedford, M.R., Effect of wheat content, fat source and enzyme supplementation on diet metabolizability and broiler performance, British Poultry Science, 2001, 42, 625-632.
Demir, E., Sarıca, Ş., Özcan, M. A. and Suiçmez, M., The use of natural feed additives as alternative to an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diet. Archive Geflügelkunde, 2005, 69, 110-116.
Çabuk, M., Bozkurt, M., Alçiçek, A., Akbaş, Y. and Küçükyılmaz, K., Effects of a herbal essential oil mixture on growth and internal organ weight of broilers from young and old breeder flocks, South African Journal of Animal Science, 2006, 36, 135-141.
SPSSWIN (1994). Release 6.1. Copyright © SPSS Inc., 1989-1994.
Duncan, D. B., Multiple range test and multiple F tests, Biometrics, 1955, 11, 1-42.
Al-Ankari, A. S., Zaki, M. M. and AL-Sultan, S. I., Use of habek mint (Mentha longifolia) in broiler chicken diets, International Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3, 629-634.
Sarıca, Ş., Çiftçi, A., Demir, E., Kılınç, K. and Yıldırım, Y., Use of antibiotics growth promoter and two herbal natural feed additives with and without exogenous enzymes in wheat based broiler diets, South African Journal of Animal Science, 2005, 35, 61-72.
Tiihonen, K., Kettunen, H., Bento, M. H. L., Saarinen, M., Lahtinen, S., Ouwehand, A. C., Schulze, H. and Rautonen, N., The effect of feeding essential oils on broiler performance and gut microbiota, British Poultry Science, 2010, 51, 381-392.
Amerah, A. M., Peron, A., Zaefarian, F. and Ravindran, V., Influence of whole wheat inclusion and a blend of essential oils on the performance, nutrient utilization, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens, British Poultry Science, 2011, 52, 124-132.
Cross, D. E., Mcdevitt, R. M. and Acamovic, T., Herbs, thyme essential oil and condensed tannin extracts as dietary supplements for broilers, and their effects on performance, digestibility, British Poultry Science, 2011, 52, 227-237.
Hassan, I. I., Aksar, A. A., Gehan and El-Shourbagy, A., Influence of some medicinal plants on performance, physiological and meat quality traits of broiler chicks, Egyptian Poultry Science, 2004, 4, 247-266.
Richter, G. and Lemser, A., Triticale as energy source in mixed feeds, Muhle Mischfuttertechnik, 1995, 132, 227-228. (Abstr.).
Williams, P.and Losa, R. The use of essential oils and their compounds in poultry nutrition, World’s Poultry Science Journal, 2001, 17, 14-15.
Alçiçek, A., Bozkurt, M. and Çabuk., M., The effect of mixture of herbal essential oils, an organic acid or a probiotic on broiler performance, South African Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 34, 217-222.
Cornelison, J. M., Yan, F., Watkins, S. E., Rigby, L., Segal, J. B. and Walding, P. W., Evaluation of hops (Humulus iupulus) as an antimicrobial in broiler diets, International Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5, 134-136.
Langhout, P., New additives for broiler chickens, World’s Poultry Science Journal, 2000, 16, 22-27.
Jang, I. S., Ko, Y. H., Yang, H. A., Kim, J. Y., Kang, S. Y., Yool, D. H., Naml, D. S., Kim, D. H. and Lee, C. Y., Influence of essential oil components on growth performance and functional activity of the pancreas and small intestine in broiler chickens, Asian-Australian Journal of Animal Science, 2004, 17, 394-400.
Jamroz, D., Wiliczkiewicz, A., Wertelecki, T., Orda, J. and Skorupinska, J., Use of active substances of plant origin in chicken diets based on maize and locally grown cereals, British Poultry Science, 2005, 46, 485-493.
Suk, J. C., Lim, H. S. and Park, I. K., Effects of blended essential oil (CRINA®) supplementation on the performance, nutrient digestibility, small intestine microflora and fatty acid composition of meat in broiler chickens, Journal of Animal Science Technology, 2003, 45, 777-786.
AL-Sultan, S. I., The effect of Curcuma longa (tumeric) on overall performance of broiler chickens, International Journal of Poultry Science, 2003, 2, 351-353.
