Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Enterococci in Rinses of Milking Equipment after Sanitation Process
Keywords:
antibiotic resistance, enterococci, milking equipment, rinsesAbstract
Enterococci are common milk contaminants, and microbial contamination of milk by this group of microorganisms can occur from a variety of sources. Significance of enterococci can be assessed by many separated points of view, otherwise a lot of research has focused on the potential role of food enterococci as reservoirs and/or vehicles of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the occurence of enterococci in rinses of milking equipment (n = 38) on two farms using automatic sanitation system. Our results showed, that alkaline disinfectant (on chlorine basis) was effective towards enterococci because apart from 2 samples, their presence in rinses has not been determined. Average number of enterococci survived the aplication of acid disinfectant reached the value 5.00.101 CFU.ml-1. Together, 60 strains were randomly isolated and identified from the grown colonies of genus Enterococcus, and E. faecalis was the predominat species (69.6 %). In rinses, also E. faecium, E. mundtii and undefined enterococci were found. Among antibiotic resistant isolates, 83.9 % of isolates were sensitive to erytromycin (15mcg/disk) and resistant to vancomycin (30 mcg/disk) were 20 % of isolates.
References
Franz, C. M. A. P., Holzapfel, W. H., Stiles, M. E., Enterococci at the crossroads of food safety? International Journal Food Microbiology, 1999, 47, 1-24
Ortigosa, M., Irigoyen, A., Urdin, M., García, S., Ibanez, F. C., Torre, A., Sources of enterococci in Idiazábal-type cheese, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2008, 125, 146-152
Gelsomino, R., Vancanneyt, M., Cogan, T. M., Condon, S., Swings, J., Sources of Enterococci in Farmhouse Raw-Milk Cheese, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68, 3560-3565
Kagkli, D. M., Vancanneyt, M., Vandamme, P., Contamination of milk by enterococci and coliforms from bovine faeces, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2007, 103, 1393-1405
Teixeira, P., Lopes, Z., Azeredo, J., Physico-chemical surface characterization of a bacterial population isolated from a milking machine, Food Microbiology, 2005, 22, 247-251
Ma, Y. P., Chang, S. K., Chou, C. C., Characterization of Bacterial Susceptibility isolates in sixteen dairy farms in Taiwan, Journal of Dairy Science 2006, 89, 4573-4683
Kagkli, D. M., Vancanneyt, M., Hill, C., Vandamme, P., Cogan, T. M., Enterococcus and Lactobacillus contamination of raw milk in a farm dairy environment, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2007, 114, 243-251
Jessen, B., Lammert, L., Biofilm and disinfection in meat processing plants, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2003, 51, 265-269
Lindsay, D., Brözel, V. S., Mostert, J. F., von Holy, A., Differencial efficacy of a chlorine dioxide – containing sanitizer against single species and binary biofilms of a dairy associated Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate, Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2002, 92, 352-361
Šustáčková, A., Nápravníková, E., Navrátilová, P., Lukášová, J., Schlegelová, J., Foodstuffs of animal origin as vector of antimicrobial resistance. Aktuálne
problémy riešené v agrokompexe, zborník z medzinárodného vedeckého seminára, Nitra, Slovakia, 2003, pp. 328-342
Gomes, B. C., Esteves, C. T., Palazzo, I. C. V., Darini, A.L.C., Felis, G. E., Sechi, L. A., Prevalence and characterization of Enterococcus spp. isolated from Brazilian foods, Food Microbiology, 2008, 25, 668 -675
CLSI, Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests; Approved Standard – Ninth Edition, M2 – A9. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Villanova, PA, 2006, 37
Foltys, V., Problematika získavania kvalitného mlieka. Zborník referátov pri príležitosti osláv svetového dňa mlieka, „Súčasnosť a perspektíva Slovenského mliekarstva“, Nitra, Slovakia, 1999, pp. 68-70
Wirtanen, G., Salu, S., Mankonen, J., Sanitation in dairies. Espoo Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Publications, 1997, pp. 35-40
Gelsomino, R., Vancanneyt, M., Condon, S., Swings, J., Cogan, T. M., Enterococcal diversity in the environment of an Irisch Cheddar-type cheesemaking factory, International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2001, 71, 177-188
Koreňová, J., Lopašovská, J., Kuchta, T.,
Biofilm forming bacterial contaminants in small and medium-sized ewes’ milk and meat processing enterprises in Slovakia, Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 2009, 48, 115-120
Čanigová, M., Hegedüsová, A., Ducková, V., Testing the effect of sanitary detergents on psychrotrophic bacteria isolated from milk, Hungarian Veterinary Journal, 2004, 12, 761-764
Anderson, R. L., Carr, J. H., Bond, W. W., Favero, M. S., Susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant enterococci to environmental disifectants, Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 1997, 18, 195-199
Sakagami, Y., Kajimura, K., Bactericidal activities of disinfectants against vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Journal of Hospital Infection, 2002, 50, 140-114
