Potassium Dichromate Impact on some Biomarkers of Female Reproductive System Performances (Litter Size, Sex Ratio) and Physical Development (Vaginal Opening) in Rats (F2 Generation)
Keywords:
rat, female, sex ratio, vaginal openingAbstract
The aim of this study was to emphasize potassium dichromate impact on some female reproductive system performances and physical development biomarkers in rats.
Exposure to potassium dichromate (25 - LOAEL, 50 and 75 ppm Cr VI) in utero, during suckling period and until sexual maturity, of F2 female white Wistar rats generation (derived from F0 and F1 generations, exposed to the same Cr VI levels), pointed out significant decrease of alive/increase of dead pup number at birth, impaired sex ratio in male favor, significant dose dependent delay of puberty onset and lower body weight comparative to the optimum one at sexual maturity - the vaginal opening moment.
) in utero, during suckling period and until sexual maturity, of F2 female white Wistar rats generation (derived from F0 and F1 generations, exposed to the same Cr VI levels), pointed out significant decrease of alive/increase of dead pup number at birth, impaired sex ratio in male favor, significant dose dependent delay of puberty onset and lower body weight comparative to the optimum one at sexual maturity - the vaginal opening moment.
References
Sakhila, K. B., Samuel, J.B., Arosh, J.A., Burghardt, R.C., Aruldhas, M, M., – Lactational exposure to hexavalent chromium delays puberty by impairing ovarian development, steroidogenesis and pituitary hormone synthesis in developing Wistar rats, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 232, 2008, pp.180-189;
U.S. EPA: Toxicology Profile for Chromium, 2001, home page address: http://www.epa.gov;
Kei-Ichiro Maeda., Satoshi Ohkura., Hiroko Tsukamura - Physiology of Reproduction, Academic Press, Japan, 2000, pp. 145-456;
Ordin 143/400 pentru aprobarea instrucțiunilor privind adăpostirea şi îngrijirea animalelor folosite în scopuri ştiinţifice sau în alte scopuri experimentale, M. O. nr. 697/24.09.2002;
Directiva 86/609 din 24.11.1986 privind protecţia animalelor utilizate în scopuri experimentale şi în alte scopuri ştiinţifice, http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/aw/aw_legislation/scientific/86-609-eec_en.pdf;
Legea 205/26.05.2004 privind protecţia animalelor, M. O. nr. 531/14.06.2004;
Legea 206/27.05.2004 privind buna conduită în cercetarea ştiinţifică, dezvoltarea tehnologică şi inovare, M. O. nr. 505/4.06.2004;
Legea 471/9.07.2002 privind aprobarea O.G. nr. 37/2002 pentru protecţia animalelor folosite în scopuri ştiinţifice sau în alte scopuri experimentale, M. O. nr. 535/23.07.2002;
Legea 9/11.01.2008 pentru modificarea şi completarea Legii nr. 205/2004 privind protecţia animalelor, M. O. nr. 29/15.01.2008;
Junaid, M., Murthy, R. C., Saxena, D. K., – Chromium fetotoxicity in mice during late pregnancy, Veterinary Toxicology., 37(4), 2005, pp. 320-323,;
Kanojia, R. K., Junaid, M., Murthy, R. C., – Chromium induced teratogenicity in female rat, Toxicology Letters, 89 (3), 1995, pp. 207-213;
Kanojia, R. K., Junaid, M., Murthy, R. C., – Embryo and fetotoxicity of hexavalent chromium: a long - term study, Toxicology Letters., 95 (3), 1998, pp. 165-172;
Sakhila, K. B., Samuel, J.B., Arosh, J.A., Burghardt, R.C., Aruldhas, M, M., – Lactational exposure to hexavalent chromium delays puberty by impairing ovarian development, steroidogenesis and pituitary hormone synthesis in developing Wistar rats, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 232, 2008, pp. 180-189;
Kei-Ichiro Maeda., Satoshi Ohkura., Hiroko Tsukamura - Physiology of Reproduction, Academic Press, Japan, 2000, pp. 145-456
