Potential of Wild Plants as a Source of Bioactive Compounds
Keywords:
antioxidant activity, bacteria, polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acidsAbstract
The aim of this study was to determine biological activity of four wild plants: Menyanthes trifoliata L., Centaurium erythraea Rafn., Portulaca oleracea L., and Acorus calamus L. The antioxidant activity was detected by ABTS, reducing power and phosphomolybdenum method, total polyphenol content with Folin – Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoids content by aluminium chloride method and total phenolic acid content by Arnova reagent. The detection of antimicrobial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method against three species of Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli CCM 3988, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica CCM 3807, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCM1960 and two Gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus thuringiensis CCM 19, Stapylococcus aureus subsp. aureus CCM 2461.
Results showed that wild plants are rich for biologically active substances and can be used more in different kind of industry as a cheap source of these substances. The highest antioxidant activity by ABTS and reducing power method was determined in the sample of Menyanthes trifoliata L. (64.99 mg TEAC – Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity per g of sample and 69.05 mg TEAG per g) and by phosphomolybdenum method in the sample of Menyanthes trifoliata L. (237.97 mg TEAC per g of sample). In the sample of Menyanthes trifoliata L. was measured the highest content of total polyphenols (27.91 mg GAE – gallic acid equivalent per g of sample), flavonoids (35.69 mg QE – quercetin equivalent per g of sample) and total phenolic acids (22.56 mg CAE – caffeic acid equivalent per g of sample). All samples also showed antimicrobial activity to inhibit selected kind bacteria with the best results in Menyanthes trifoliata L.
References
Tripathy,V., Basak, B.B., Varghese, T.S., Saha, A. Residues and contaminants in medicinal herbs – A review. Phytochemistry Letters, 2015, 14, 67-78.
Martz, F., Turunen, M., Julkunen-Titto, R., Lakkala, K., Sutinen, M.L. Effects of the temperature and the exclusion of UVB radiation on the phenolics and iridoides in Menyanthes trifoliata L. leaves in the subarctic. Environmental pollution, 2009, 157, 3471-3478.
Hamza, N., Berke, B., Cheze, C., Marais, S., Lorrain, S., Abdouelfath, A., Lassalle, R., Carles, D., Moore, N. Effects of Centaurium erythraea Rafn., Artemissia herba-alba Asso and Trigonella foenu-graecum L. on linear fat accumulation in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2015, 171, 4-11.
Noorbakhshnia, M., Kamiri-Zandi, K. Portulaca oleracea L. prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced passive avoidance learning and memory and TNF-α impairments in hippocampus of rats. Physiology and Behavior, 2017, 169, 69-73.
Kumar, R., Sharma, S., Sharma, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, D., Nadda, G. Padwad, Y., Ogra, R.K., Kumar, N. Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and insecticidal activities of Acorus calamus accessions from the western Himalayas. Industrial Crop and Products, 2016, 94, 520-527.
Re, R. N., Pellegrini, A., Proteggente, A., Pannala, M., Yang, R., Rice-Evans, C. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 1999, 26, 1231- 1237.
Prieto, P., Pineda, M., Aguilar, M. Spectrophotometric quantitation of antioxidant capacity throught the formation of a phospomolybdenum complex: specific application to the determitation of vitamin E. Analytical Biochemistry, 1999, 269, 337-341.
Singleton, V.L., Rossi, J. A. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic. phosphotungstic acid reagents. American Journal of Enology and Agricultural, 1965, 144-158
Willet, W.C. Balancing life-style and genomic research for disease prevention. Science, 2002, 292, 695-698.
Farmakopea Polska, 1999. The Polish Farmaceutical Society [online] s.a. [cit.2017-01-25] Available:http://www.ptfarm.pl/?pid=1&language=en
Funde, S.G. Phytochemicals evaluations, anticancer, antioxidantion and antimicrobial acitivty of Acorus calamus different solvent extracts. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7, 495-504.
Elayaraja, A., Vijayalakshmi, M., Devalarao, G. In vitro free radical scavenging activity of various root and rhizome extracts of Acorus calamus L. International Journal of Pharma adn Bio Sciences, 2010, 1, 301-304.
Stefkov, G., Miola, B., Dinevska-Kjoukaraouska, S., Stanoeva, J.P., Stefola, M., Petrusevska, S.K. Chemical characterization of Centaurium erythrea L. And its effects and carbohdrate and lipid metabolism in experimental diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2014, 152, 71-77.
Erkan, N. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of fraction from Portulaca oleracea L. Food Chemistry, 2012, 133, 775-781.
Mousavi, S.J., Niazamand, R., Noghabi, M.S. Antioxidant activity of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) seed hydro-alcoholic extract on the stability of soybean oil. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, 2015, 17, 1473-1480.
Sandru, D., Niculescu, V., Ecaterina, R., Tita, O. Identification and quantification of total polyphenols in plants with bioactive potentially. International Journal of Pharmacology, Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine, 2016, 4, 47-51.
Ghimire, B.K., Seong, E.S., Kim, E.H., Ghimeray, A.K., Yu, Ch.Y., Ghimire, B.K., Chung, I.M. A comparative evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the medicinal plants popularly used in Nepal. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011, 5, 1884-1891.
Kirbag, S., Zengin, F., Kursat, M. Antimicrobial activities of extracts of some plants. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 2009, 41, 2067-2070.
Jerkovic, I., Gaso-Sokac, D., Pavlovic, H., Marijanovic, Z., Gugic, M., Petrovic, I., Kovač, S.Volatile organic compounds from Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (Croatia) and the antimicrobial potential of its essential oil. Molecules, 2012, 17, 2058-2072.
Kumar, V., Sing, R., Joshi, V. Antimicrobial activity of rhizome extract of Acorus calamus against different microorganism. Octa Journal of Biosciences, 2014, 2, 59-63.
Peng, S., Yu, W., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Sun, S. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Portulaca oleracea L. and Taraxacum magnolicum against pathogenic bacteria of cow mastitis. International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 12, 210-213.
