Selection Role on Configuration of Resistance or Susceptibility Degree to Scrapie and on Genetic Diversity at PrP Locus in the Botosani Karakul Sheep Breed
Keywords:
genetic diversity, prion, Real-Time PCR, scrapie, sheepAbstract
The molecular-genetic profiles from the determinant locus of scrapie have been described in the Botosani Karakul breed. Sheep belonged to two farm types: elite farm from Research and Development Station for Sheep and Goat Breeding, Popauti-Botosani and several private production farms. The two farm types differ between them by selective specificities; in the farm elite the selection pressure is stronger and the selection criteria applied to sheep have been more accuracy than in the production farms. Sheep genotyping at the PrP locus was achieved by the Real-Time PCR method. By framing the individuals in risk classes concerning the prion disease, there were identified significant differences between the two farm types in terms of resistance or susceptibility to scrapie of sheep. The elite farm population is significantly advantaged as regards the molecular-genetic endowment at the PrP locus and low probability converting of the PrPc normal protein in the PrPSc pathogenic isomorph compared to the population of production farms. The reasons for the different associations of prion genotypes with morbid phenomenon intensity in the two farm types must be sought exclusively in the characteristics of selection systems applied to the animals in each farm type. From the standpoint of informational statistics, there is a high degree of genetic similarity at the PrP locus between the two populations. Contrary to expectations, the genetic diversity of prion structures is more developed in the elite farm than in the production farms. The knowing importance of prion profiles was revealed in pursuit of genetic and veterinary prophylaxis of the sheep populations.
References
Bossers, A., Prion diseases: Susceptibility and transmissibility. In vivo and In vitro studies with sheep Scrapie. Thesis at the DLO-Institute for Animal Science and Health. Lelystad, The Netherlands, 1999.
Priola, S.A, Chesebro, B., Caughey, B., Biomedicine. A view from the top-prion diseases from 10,000 feet. Science, 2003. 300 (5621), 917–919.
Hunter, N., Transmisible spongiform encephalopaties. In: Breeding for Disease Resistance in Flock Animals, 2nd Ed. International, Wallingford, 1999, pp. 325–339.
Beringue, V., Andreoletti, O., Classical and atypical TSE in small ruminants, Animal Frontiers, 2014, 4(1), 33-43.
Wopfner, F., Weidenhofer, G., Schneider, R., vonBrunn, A., Gilch, S., Schwarz, T. F., Werner, T., and Schatzl, M., Analysis of 27 mammalian and 9 avian PrPs reveals high conservation of flexible regions of the prion protein, J. Mol. Biol., 1999, 289, 1163-1178.
Simonic, T., Duga, S., Strumbo, B., Asselta, R., Ceciliani, F., and Ronchi, S., cDNA cloning of turtle prion protein, FEBS Lett., 2000, 469, 33-38.
Strumbo, B., Ronchi, S., Bolis, L.C., and Simonic, T., Molecular cloning of the cDNA coding for Xenopus laevis prion protein, FEBS Lett., 2001, 508, 170-174.
Oidtmann, B., Simon, D., Holtkamp, N., Hoffmann, R., and Baier, M., Identification of cDNAs from Japanese pufferfish (Fugu rubripes) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) coding for homologues to tetrapod prion proteins, FEBS Lett., 2003, 538, 96-100.
Rivera-Milla, E., Stuermer, C.A.O., and Malaga-Trillo, E., An evolutionary basis for scrapie disease: identification of a fish prion mRNA, Trends Gen., 2003, 19, 72-75.
Belay, D. E, Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in humans, Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 1999, 53, 283-314.
Prusiner, S. B., Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie, Science, 1982, 216 (4542), 136-144.
Petit, F., Boucraut-Baralon, C., From slow virus to prion: molecular biology of transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, Rev. Méd. Vét., 1992, 143(7), 595-605.
Prusiner, S. B., Molecular biology of prion diseases. Science, 1991, 252 (5012), 1515-1522.
Goldmann, W., PrP gene and its association with spongiform encephalopathies, Brit. Med. Bull., 1993, 49, 839-859.
Novak, M., Vrtiak O. J, Mikula I., and Tkacikova L., Ovine scrapie: Priorities and importance, Fol. Microb., 2000, 45(6), 475-483.
Belt, P. B., Muileman, I. H., Schreuder, B. E., Bos-Ruijter, J., Gielkens, A. L., and Smits M. A., Identification of five allelic variants of the sheep PrP gene and their association with natural scrapie, J. Gen. Virol., 1995,76, 509-517.
Hrincă, Gh., Paradox of Genetic Diversity in the Case of Prionic Diseases in Sheep Breeds from Romania, Anim. Sci. Biotechn., 2016, 49 (1), Edit. Agroprint, Timişoara, 54-62.
Hrincă, Gh., Conceptual Incongruence between Prion Disease and Genetic Diversity in Ovine Species within European Union Defined by Informational Statistics Terms, Bull. of the Univ. of Agr. Sci. and Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca,. Series „Animal Science and Biotechnologies”, 2016, 73(2), Edit. AcademicPres, Cluj-Napoca, 166-177.
European Commission (EU), The programme for the monitoring of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) and for the eradication of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and of scrapie, Commission Decision 2012/761/EU, 2013.
Roche Diagnostics, PCR Manual, 2nd Edition, 1999, pp. 52-58.
Kevorkian, S. E. M., Zăuleţ, M., Manea, M. A., Georgescu, S. E., and Costache M., Analysis of the ORF region of the prion protein gene in the Botosani Karakul sheep breed from Romania, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 2011, 35(2), 105-109.
DEFRA, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. In „UK Strategy for Research and Development on Human and Animal Health Aspects of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies”, Proc Med Res Council, London, 2005-2008.
Hrincă, Gh., Modern methodology for quantifying the biodiversity in ovine species based on genetic markers using the concepts of informational statistics, Proc. Rom. Acad. Series B, 2015, 17(3), 273–289.
Hrincă, Gh., Georgescu, S. E., Vicovan, G., Nechifor I., Genetic structure at the prion protein locus (PrP) of Botosani Karakul sheep populations in relation to the accuracy and intensity of selection mechanisms, Sci. Pap., Univ. of Agr. Sci. And Vet. Med. Iaşi, Anim. Sci. Series, 2014, 62(19), 13-21.
Windig, J., Eding, H., Moll. L., and Kaal L., Effects on inbreeding of different strategies aimed at eliminating Scrapie sensitivity alleles in rare sheep breeds in The Netherlands, Anim. Sci., 2004, 79,11-20.
Álvarez, I., Gutiérrez, J. P., Royo, L. J., Fernández, I., and Goyache F., Quantifying diversity losses due to selection for scrapie resistance in three endangered Spanish sheep breeds using microsatellite information, Prev. Vet. Med., 2009, 91(2-4), 172-178.
Sartore, St., Rasero, R., Colussi, S., and Sacchi, P., Effect of selection for scrapie resistance on genetic diversity in a rare and locally adapted sheep breed: The case of Sambucana, Livestock Sci., 2013, 157(1), 75-80.
Coșier, R., Vlaic, A., Pădeanu, I., Dărăban, S., Voia, S., Cățoi, C., Constantinescu, R., Vicovan, G., Genetic structure at PrP locus in an ovine scrapie nucleus of Turcana breed, Hateg ecotype, Bull. of the Univ. of Agr. Sci. and Vet. Med. Cluj-Napoca,. Series „Animal Science and Biotechnologies”, 2008, 65(1-2), Edit. AcademicPres, Cluj-Napoca, 470.
Coşier, V., Vlaic, A., Mireşan, V., Constantinescu R., The genetic resistance of rams from Turcana breed to Ovine Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (scrapie), Rom Biotechnol Lett., 2011, 16(4), 6328-6335.
