Effect of the High Fibre (8%) Layer Diets on Digestive Tract Integrity
Keywords:
crude fibre, enzyme, intestinal villi, laying hensAbstract
Although fibre is regarded by many nutritionists as a mere diluent of poultry diets, new experimental evidences suggest that the dietary fibre positively influences the digestive tract integrity. A 5-week feeding trial was conducted on 200 Tetra layers (28 weeks) assigned to 5 groups, housed in an experimental hall under controlled environmental conditions (temperature: 23.81±1.54°C; humidity: 64.76±11.93%), and 16h/24h light regimen. The control group (C) received a conventional diet (2780 kcal/kg metabolizable energy; 17.5% crude protein; 4.39% crude fibre). Compared to C formulation, E1 formulation included 23% sunflower meal, which increased the dietary fibre (8%). The other 3 experimental diet formulations differed from E1 formulation by the presence of phytoadditives or cellulolytic enzymes: E2 (0.015% enzyme); E3 (0.015% phytoadditive) and E4 (0.015% enzyme+0.015% phytoadditive). At the end of the experiment 30 hens were sacrificed (6 hens/group) to obtain jejunum samples for histological parameters. The results of the intestinal measurements revealed significantly (P≤0.05) lower values for experimental groups compared to C group. The lowest values registered for E1 group: villus height (583±99.74µm) and crypt depth (126±36.19µm). Mucosa thickness increased significantly (P≤0.05) in E3 group (275±70 µm) compared to C group (173±66.08 µm).
References
Mateos, G. G., E. Jiménez-Moreno, M. P. Serrano , R. P. Lázaro, Poultry response to high levels of dietary fiber sources varying in physical and chemical characteristics. J. appl. Poult. Res., 2012, 21, 156–174.
Rougière N., B. Carré, Comparison of gastrointestinal transit times between chickens from D+ and D− genetic lines selected for divergent digestion efficiency. Animal, 2010, 4, 1861–1872.
Janssen, W. M. M., B. Carré, Influence of fiber on digestibility of broiler feeds. 1985, Pages 78–93 in Recent advances in animal nutrition. D. J. a. Cole and W. Haresign, ed. Butterworths.
Mateos G. G., R. Lázaro, M. I. Gracia, The feasibility of using nutritional modifications to replace drugs in poultry feeds. J. appl. Poult. Res. 2002, 11, 437–452.
Aerni V., H. el-Lethey, B. Wechsler, Effect of foraging material and food form on feather pecking in laying hens, 2000, Br. Poult. Sci., 41, 16–21.
Asp, N. G., Definition and analysis of dietary fiber in the context of food carbohydrates. 2004. Pages 21–26 in Dietary Fibre: Bio-active Carbohydrates for Food and Feed. J. N. van der Kamp, N. G. asp., J. Miller Jones, and G. schaafsma, ed. Wageningen academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Mertens, D. R., Challenges in measuring insoluble dietary fiber, J. Anim. Sci., 2003, 81, 3233–3249.
Shakouri M. D., Kermanshahi, H., Mohsenzadeh, M., Effect of different non starch polysaccharides in semi purified diets on performance and intestinal microflora of young broiler chickens, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 2006, 5, 557–561.
Van Krimpen, M. M., Kwakkel, R. P., van Peet-schwering, C. M. C., den Hartog, L. A., and Verstegen, M. W. A., Effects of nutrient dilution and nonstarch polysaccharide concentration in rearing and laying diets on eating behavior and feather damage of rearing and laying hens., Poult. Sci., 2009, 88, 759–773.
Walugembe, M., Hsieh, J .C. F., Koszewski, N. J., Lamont, S. J., Persia, M. E., Rothschild, M. F., Effects of dietary fiber on cecal short-chain fatty acid and cecal microbiota of broiler and laying-hen chicks, Poult Sci., 2015, 94 (10), 2351-2359.
Wenk, C., Secondary Effects of Dietary Fiber in the Nutrition of Monogastric Farm Animals. Sekundärwirkungen VON Futterinhaltsstoffen-VOM Nährstoff ZUM Wirkstoff, 10, 2007.
González-Alvarado, J. M., Jiménez-Moreno, D. González-Sánchez, Lázaro R., Mateos G. G., Effect of inclusion of oat hulls and sugar beet pulp in the diet on productive performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 42 days of age, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 2010, 162, 37–46.
Amerah, M., Ravindran, V.,. Lentle. R .G., Influence of insoluble fibre and whole wheat inclusion on the performance, digestive tract development and ileal microbiota profile of broiler chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 2009, 50, 366–375.
Svihus, B., The gizzard: Function, influence of diet structure and effects on nutrient availability, World’s Poult. Sci. J., 2011, 67, 207–224.
Rogel, M., Balnave, D., Bryden, W., Annison. F., Improvement of raw potato starch digestion in chickens by feeding oat hulls and other fibrous feedstuffs, J. Agric. Res., 1987, 38, 629–637.
Sklan, D., Smirnov, A., Plavnik, I., The effect of dietary fiber on the small intestines and apparent digestion in the turkey, Br. Poult. Sci., 2003, 44, 735–740.
Correa-Matos, N. J., Donovan, M., Issacson, R., Gaskins, H. R., White, B., Tappenden. K., Fermentable fiber reduces recovery time and improves intestinal function in piglets following Salmonella typhimurium infection, J. Nutr., 2003, 133, 1845–1852.
Perez, V. G., Jacobs, C. M., Barnes, J., Jenkins, M. C., Kuhlenschmidt, M., Fahey, G.C., Parsons, C. M., Pettigrew, J., Effect of corn distillers dried grains with solubles and Eimeria acervulina infection on growth performance and the intestinal microbiota of young chicks, Poult. Sci., 2011, 90, 958–964.
Knudsen, B. K. E., The nutritional significance of “dietary fibre” analysis, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2001,Volume 90, Issues 1–2, 15 March 2001, pp 3–20.
Lupton, J. R,. Codex definition of dietary fiber and issues requiring resolution. 2010, pp 15–24 in Dietary Fibre: New Frontiers for Food and Health. van der Kamp, J. W., Jones, J., McCleary, B. and Topping, D., ed. Wageningen academic Publishers, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Jiménez-Moreno, J. M. González-Alvarado, Coca-Sinova R. Lázaro, G. G. Mateos effects of source of fiber on the development and pH of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 2009, 154, 93–101.
Tetra SL Commercial layer management guide, 2012.
Biomin Catalogue of Additives and Specialties Premixes, Concentrates and Complete.
Uwayjan, M .G., Azar, E. J., Daghir, N. J., Sunflower Seed in Laying Hen Rations, Poult Sci., 1983, 62 (7), 1247-1253.
Pârvu, G., Supravegherea nutriţional metabolică a animalelor, Ed- Ceres, Bucureşti, 1992.
Iji, P., Saki, A. A., Tivey, D. R., Intestinal development and body growth of broiler chicks on diets supplemented with non-starch polysaccharides, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 2001, 89, 175–188.
Kalmendal, R., Elwinger, K., Holm, L., Tauson., R., High-fibre sunflower cake affects small intestinal digestion and health in broiler chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 2011, 52, 86–96.
